-
1 tierra
f.1 land (terrenos, continentes).en tierras mexicanas/del rey on Mexican soil/the King's landpor estas tierras round these parts, down this waytierra adentro inlandtierra de nadie no-man's-landtierra prometida Promised Landtierra del Fuego Tierra del Fuegotierra Santa the Holy Landtierra virgen virgin land2 land.cultivar la tierra to farm the land3 earth.se me ha metido tierra en los zapatos I've got some earth in my shoesun camino de tierra a dirt track4 ground (suelo).bajo tierra undergroundcaer a tierra to fall to the groundtomar tierra to land5 homeland, native land (lugar de origen) (país).vino/queso de la tierra local wine/cheesetierra natal homeland, native land6 dust. ( Latin American Spanish)7 soil, dirt.8 country, homeland.9 plot of land, territory, estate, soil.* * *1 (planeta) earth2 (superficie sólida) land3 (terreno cultivado) soil, land4 (país) country, land5 (suelo) ground6 ELECTRICIDAD earth, US ground1 land sing\caer por tierra figurado to crumbledar en tierra con algo to drop something on the ground, throw something on the groundechar a tierra to demolishechar por tierra figurado to crush, destroyechar tierra encima de figurado to hush upponer tierra por medio figurado to make oneself scarcepor estas tierras in these partspor tierra overland, by land¡tierra a la vista! land ahoy!tierra adentro inland¡tierra trágame! figurado I wish I was somewhere else, I could curl up and dietirar por tierra figurado to crush, destroyvivir de la tierra to make a living from the landtierra de nadie no-man's-landTierra del Fuego Tierra del Fuegotierra firme terra firma, dry landtierra natal homelandTierra Santa the Holy Land* * *noun f.1) earth2) land3) soil4) homeland•* * *SF1)• la Tierra — the earth, the Earth
2) (=superficie)a) [fuera del agua] land¡tierra a la vista! — land ahoy!
la industria pesquera genera unos 400.000 empleos en tierra — the fishing industry provides 400,000 jobs on land
•
por tierra — overland, by landatravesar un país por tierra — to go overland o by land across a country
•
tomar tierra — to reach port, get inb) (=no aire) [desde el aire] ground; [desde el espacio] earthla explosión ocurrió cuando el avión cayó a tierra — the explosion occurred when the aeroplane hit the ground
•
tocar tierra — to touch down•
tomar tierra — to landtierra firme — (=no aire) solid ground; (=no agua) land
3) (=suelo) ground•
caer a tierra — to fall down•
dar con algo en tierra — to knock sth over•
echarse a tierra — to throw o.s. on o to the ground- venirse a o por tierra4) (=material) [gen] earth; (=polvo) dust; (=barro) mud; [para jardinería, cultivo] soilcon los zapatos llenos de tierra — (=polvo) with his shoes covered in dust; (=barro) with his shoes covered in mud
viviendas con suelo de tierra — houses with earth o dirt floors
acordaron echar tierra al incidente y seguir siendo amigos — they agreed to put the incident behind them and continue to be friends
le vienes a echar tierra a mi carro con tu descapotable — your convertible makes my car look ridiculous o really bad
tierra caliente — LAm land below 1000m approximately
tierra fría — LAm land above 2000m approximately
tierra quemada — (Pol) scorched earth
pista 3), política 2)tierra templada — LAm land between 1000m and 2000m approximately
5) (Agr) landtierra de secano — dry land, unirrigated land
6) (=división territorial)a) (=lugar de origen)todo refugiado siente nostalgia de su tierra — every refugee feels homesick for or misses his native land o homeland
b) [en plural]sus viajes por tierras de Castilla, su largo exilio en tierras australianas — her lengthy exile in Australia
no es de estas tierras — he's not from these parts, he's not from this part of the world
- ver tierras7) (Elec) earth, ground (EEUU)toma 1., 1)conectar un aparato a tierra — to earth o (EEUU) ground an appliance
* * *1) (campo, terreno) landtierras fértiles/áridas — fertile/arid land
tierra labrantía or de cultivo — arable o cultivated land
poner tierra de por medio — to make oneself scarce (colloq)
2) (suelo, superficie) ground; (materia, arena) earthun camino de tierra — a dirt road o track
cuerpo a tierra! — hit the ground! (colloq)
echar algo por tierra — <edificio/monumento> to pull o knock down; < planes> to wreck, ruin; < argumentos> to demolish, destroy; < esperanzas> to dash
echarle tierra a algo/alguien — (Col fam) to put something/somebody to shame, make something/somebody look bad
echar tierra a or sobre algo — ( ocultarlo) to cover o hush something up; ( olvidarlo) to forget about something
tragarse la tierra a alguien: como si se lo hubiera tragado la tierra as if he'd vanished off the face of the earth; deseé que me tragara la tierra — I just wanted the earth to open and swallow me up
3) (AmL) ( polvo) dust4) (Elec) ground (AmE), earth (BrE)estar conectado a tierra or (AmL) hacer tierra — to be grounded o earthed
5) (por oposición al mar, al aire) landtierra a la vista! — land ho o ahoy!
viajar por tierra — to travel overland o by land
tocar tierra — to land, put into port
tomar tierra — to land, touch down
6)a) (país, lugar)decidió volver a su tierra — he decided to return to his homeland o to his native land
costumbres de aquellas tierras — customs in those places o countries
b) ( territorio) soil* * *1) (campo, terreno) landtierras fértiles/áridas — fertile/arid land
tierra labrantía or de cultivo — arable o cultivated land
poner tierra de por medio — to make oneself scarce (colloq)
2) (suelo, superficie) ground; (materia, arena) earthun camino de tierra — a dirt road o track
cuerpo a tierra! — hit the ground! (colloq)
echar algo por tierra — <edificio/monumento> to pull o knock down; < planes> to wreck, ruin; < argumentos> to demolish, destroy; < esperanzas> to dash
echarle tierra a algo/alguien — (Col fam) to put something/somebody to shame, make something/somebody look bad
echar tierra a or sobre algo — ( ocultarlo) to cover o hush something up; ( olvidarlo) to forget about something
tragarse la tierra a alguien: como si se lo hubiera tragado la tierra as if he'd vanished off the face of the earth; deseé que me tragara la tierra — I just wanted the earth to open and swallow me up
3) (AmL) ( polvo) dust4) (Elec) ground (AmE), earth (BrE)estar conectado a tierra or (AmL) hacer tierra — to be grounded o earthed
5) (por oposición al mar, al aire) landtierra a la vista! — land ho o ahoy!
viajar por tierra — to travel overland o by land
tocar tierra — to land, put into port
tomar tierra — to land, touch down
6)a) (país, lugar)decidió volver a su tierra — he decided to return to his homeland o to his native land
costumbres de aquellas tierras — customs in those places o countries
b) ( territorio) soil* * *tierra22 = land, ground, soil, earth, dry land [dryland].Ex: Until recently all libraries and some architects have maintained that an academic library should be capable of extension and that land should be reserved for future expansion.
Ex: A profile is a scale representation of the intersection of a vertical surface with the surface of the ground.Ex: This article diagnoses the information needs of those who work in the area of pollution of air, soil and earth.Ex: Insulation techniques helpful to energy conservation are: more use of below surface areas; the mounding of earth against outside walls; sod roofs; and the correct use of glass.Ex: This article describes a knowledge based geographic information system for the broad scale mapping of dryland salinity in the Western Australian wheatbelt.* aprovechamiento de la tierra = land use.* asentamiento en tierras federales = homesteading.* bajo tierra = underground, below surface.* buena tierra = good soil.* camino de tierra = dirt track, dirt road.* como si se + Pronombre + hubiera tragado la tierra = into thin air.* con el suelo de tierra = dirt-floored.* confinado a la tierra = land-bound [landbound].* con los pies sobre la tierra = down-to-earth.* contaminación de la tierra = soil pollution.* corrimiento de tierra = landslide.* cultivar la tierra = farm + land, grow + crops.* dejar la tierra en barbecho = let + farmland lie fallow.* desaprovechamiento de la tierra = land misuse.* desprendimiento de tierra = landslide.* de tierra = onshore, earthen.* echar Algo por tierra = blow + Nombre + out of the water.* echarlo todo por tierra = upset + the applecart.* echar por tierra = scupper, blight, cast + a blight on.* echar por tierra las ilusiones = shatter + Posesivo + hopes.* echar por tierra los planes de Alguien = spike + Posesivo + guns.* echar por tierra una idea = crush + idea.* ejército de tierra, el = army, the [armies, pl.].* en la tierra = on the ground.* en la tierra de = in the land of.* en tierra = onshore, ashore.* en tierra firme = on dry land.* en tierras lejanas = outranged.* fertilidad de la tierra = soil fertility.* gestión de tierras = land management.* gran extensión de tierra dedicada a la cría de animales de pas = rangeland.* mala tierra = poor soil.* movimiento de tierra = earthwork.* nadie es profeta en su tierra = no man is a prophet in his own land.* pequeño propietario de tierras = yeoman farmer.* pies sobre la tierra = feet on the ground.* pista de tierra batida = clay tennis court.* poner los pies sobre la tierra = come down + to earth.* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.* rodeado de tierra = land-bound [landbound], land-locked [landlocked].* sin tierras, sin propiedad rural = landless.* sobre la tierra = on the ground.* temblor de tierra = quake, earth tremor.* tenis sobre tierra batida = clay tennis, clay court tennis.* ¡Tierra a la vista! = Land ahoy!, Land ho!.* tierra arenosa = sandy soil.* tierra baldía = wasteland, moor, barren land.* tierra buena = good soil.* tierra cenagosa = loamy soil.* tierra cultivable = arable land.* tierra de cultivo = soil, farmland [farm land].* Tierra de Israel, la = Land of Israel, the.* tierra de labranza = farmland [farm land].* tierra de nadie = twilight zone, wilderness, no-man's land.* tierra de pastoreo = pasture land.* tierra de pastos = pasture land.* tierra desconocida = terra incognita.* tierra en barbecho = fallow land.* tierra fértil = sod, loam.* tierra firme = dry land [dryland], land mass [landmass], firm ground, solid ground.* tierra lejana = far off land.* tierra mala = poor soil.* tierra margosa = loamy soil.* tierra natal = homeland.* tierra prometida, la = land of cream and honey, the, promised land, the, land of milk and honey, the.* tierras = landed estate.* tierras altas = highland.* tierras altas escocesas = Highland.* tierra salvaje = wilderness.* Tierra Santa = Holy Land, the.* tierras bajas = lowlands.* tierras celtas, las = Celtic fringe, the.* tierras del sur = southland.* tierras mejores = greener pastures.* tierras movedizas = shifting sands.* tierras perdidas = lost lands.* tierra virgen = uncharted territory, uncharted waters, unchartered territory, unchartered waters.* toma de tierra = earthing.* transporte por tierra = land transport.* tropa de tierra = ground troop.* uso de la tierra = land use.* vasallo propietario de sus tierras = yeoman [yeomen, -pl.].* vehículo de tierra a motor = motor land vehicle.* vivir de la tierra = live off + the land.* * *A (campo, terreno) landuna distribución más justa de la tierra a fairer distribution of landtierras comunales common landcompró unas tierras en Durango he bought some land in Durangotierras fértiles/áridas fertile/arid landtierra labrantía or de cultivo or de labranza or de labor or de labrantío arable o cultivated landtierras baldías wastelandlos que trabajan la tierra those who work the landponer tierra de por medio to make oneself scarce, get out quick ( colloq)B1 (suelo, superficie) ground; (materia, arena) earthclavó la estaca en la tierra he drove the stake into the groundésta es muy buena tierra this is very good land o soilcavaba la tierra he was digging the groundun camión de tierra a truckload of soil o earthno juegues con la tierra, que te vas a manchar don't play in the dirt, you'll get filthyun camino de tierra a dirt road o track¡cuerpo a tierra! get down!, hit the ground! ( colloq)ya lleva un año bajo tierra she's been dead and buried for a year nowechar algo por tierra ‹edificio/monumento› to demolish, pull o knock down;‹planes› to wreck, ruin, put paid to; ‹argumentos› to demolish, destroy; ‹esperanzas› to dashecharse tierra encima to do oneself down, cry stinking fish ( BrE)echar tierra a or sobre algo (ocultarlo) to cover o hush sth up; (olvidarlo) to forget about sth, put sth behind onetragarse la tierra a algn: parecía que se lo hubiera tragado la tierra it was as if he'd vanished off the face of the earthen aquel momento deseé que me tragara la tierra at that moment I just wanted the earth o the ground to open and swallow me upCompuesto:( Esp) clayel cable que va a tierra the ground o earth leadnecesita una conexión a tierra or debe estar conectado a tierra or ( AmL) debe hacer tierra it needs to be connected to ground o earth, it needs to be grounded o earthedD (por oposición al mar, al aire) land¡tierra a la vista! land ho! o land ahoy!viajar por tierra to travel overland o by landiniciaron las expediciones tierra adentro they started expeditions into the interiorgentes de tierra adentro people from the interior, people from inlandmisiles aire-tierra air-to-ground missilesel ejército de tierra the armytierra firme solid ground, terra firmaquedarse en tierra to be left behind, miss one's train ( o boat etc)tocar tierra to land, put into porttomar tierra to land, touch downE1(país, región, lugar): después de tantos años de exilio decidió volver a su tierra after all those years in exile he decided to return to his homeland o to his native landlas cosas que pasan por aquellas tierras the things that happen in those places o countriespartió a tierras lejanas para buscar fortuna he set out for foreign parts o for distant lands to seek his fortunevino de la tierra local wine, locally produced winefruta de la tierra locally grown fruit2 (territorio) soilen el instante que pisó tierra francesa the moment he set foot on French soilCompuestos:: from Mexico to Peru, land below approx. 1,200mTierra del Fuegono-man's-landthe cold lands (pl), (from Mexico to Peru, land above approx. 2,200m)native land, land of one's birthPromised LandHoly Landthe temperate lands (pl) (from Mexico to Peru, land between approx. 1,200m and 2,200m)Fla composición de la atmósfera de la Tierra the composition of the Earth's atmosphere¿cúal es el planeta más cercano a la Tierra? what is the closest planet to (the) Earth?para proteger la vida en la Tierra to protect life on earthCreador del Cielo y de la Tierra Creator of Heaven and Earth* * *
tierra sustantivo femenino
1 (campo, terreno) land;
tierra de cultivo arable land
2 (suelo, superficie) ground;
(materia, arena) earth;
un camión de tierra a truckload of soil o earth;
no juegues con tierra don't play in the dirt;
un camino de tierra a dirt road o track;
echar algo por tierra ‹ planes› to wreck, ruin;
‹ argumentos› to demolish, destroy;
‹ esperanzas› to dash
3 (AmL) ( polvo) dust
4 (Elec) ground (AmE), earth (BrE);
estar conectado a tierra or (AmL) hacer tierra to be grounded o earthed
5 (por oposición al mar, al aire) land;◊ viajar por tierra to travel overland o by land;
tierra firme solid ground;
tomar tierra to land, touch down
6 (país, lugar):
costumbres de aquellas tierras customs in those places o countries;
la Ttierra Santa the Holy Land
7 ( planeta)
tierra sustantivo femenino
1 (planeta) la Tierra, (the) Earth o earth
2 (medio terrestre, terreno) land
viajar por tierra, to travel by land
tierra adentro, inland
tierra de nadie, no-man's-land
(un avión) tomar tierra, to land
Agr land
tiene tierras de cultivo, he has cultivated land
tierra baldía, wasteland
3 (país, lugar de origen) homeland
(territorio) nació en tierra inglesa, she was born on English soil
4 (superficie terrestre, suelo) ground
bajo tierra, below ground
(materia) soil, earth
un puñado de tierra, a handful of earth o soil
un camino de tierra, a dirt track
5 Elec earth
toma de tierra, earth wire, US ground
♦ Locuciones: echar por tierra, to ruin, spoil
echar tierra sobre, to hush up
familiar de la tierra, (producto del país) son tomates de la tierra, they are home-grown tomatoes
familiar (alejarse, escapar) poner alguien tierra por medio, to get as far away as possible
familiar (para expresar vergüenza) ¡tierra trágame! I wish the earth would swallow me up
(perder un medio de transporte) quedarse alguien en tierra, to miss a plane/train or any other form of transport
' tierra' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adentro
- baja
- bajo
- barro
- batida
- batido
- campo
- construcción
- criar
- desaparecer
- entrañas
- escarbar
- esquilmar
- explotar
- franja
- fructífera
- fructífero
- global
- globo
- gua
- horizonte
- hoyo
- hundimiento
- langosta
- palada
- parcela
- perforar
- pista
- polvo
- ras
- redondez
- remover
- ribera
- rica
- rico
- seísmo
- sementera
- señorío
- soñar
- suelo
- surco
- temblar
- terráquea
- terráqueo
- terrena
- terreno
- terrestre
- terrón
- terruño
- tocar
English:
adjacent
- adjoining
- allotment
- ashore
- clump
- crack
- crumble
- crunch
- cultivated
- cultivation
- demolish
- dig
- dirt road
- earth
- earthworm
- earthy
- encroach
- explode
- face
- fairyland
- fall
- farming
- feel
- ground
- hedgehog
- Holy Land
- homeland
- inland
- land
- level
- lump
- no man's land
- orbit
- overland
- parched
- portage
- pull apart
- quake
- reclaim
- rich
- richness
- rig
- rock
- roll
- rough
- sandy
- seed
- set down
- shatter
- shock
* * *tierra nf2. [superficie] land;viajar por tierra to travel by land;tierra adentro inland;poner tierra (de) por medio to make oneself scarceAm tierra caliente = in Latin America, climate zone up to an altitude of approximately 1,000 metres;tierra firme [por oposición al mar] land, dry land;[terreno sólido] hard ground; Am tierra fría = in Latin America, climate zone above the altitude of approximately 2,000 metres;Tierra del Fuego Tierra del Fuego;tierra de nadie no-man's-land;tierra prometida Promised Land;Tierra de Promisión Promised Land;Tierra Santa the Holy Land;la tierra del Sol Naciente the land of the Rising Sun;Am tierra templada = in Latin America, climate zone between the altitudes of approximately 1,000 and 2,000 metres;tierra virgen virgin land3. [suelo] ground;trabajan bajo tierra they work underground;caer a tierra to fall to the ground;muchos aviones se han quedado en tierra por la niebla many planes have been grounded because of the fog;tocar tierra [avión] to touch down;tomar tierra: tomó tierra en un campo he landed in a field;tomaremos tierra en el aeropuerto de Barajas en diez minutos we will be landing at Barajas airport in ten minutes;besar la tierra to fall flat on one's face;[argumentos, teoría] to demolish sth; Fam¡tierra, trágame!, ¡trágame tierra! I wish the earth would swallow me up!;era como si se lo hubiera tragado la tierra he had vanished without a trace;4. [materia] earth;[para nutrir plantas] soil;se me ha metido tierra en los zapatos I've got some earth o dirt in my shoes;esta tierra no es buena para cultivar this soil isn't good for growing things;un camino de tierra a dirt track;política de tierra quemada scorched earth policy;Formaldar tierra a alguien to bury sb;tierra batida [en tenis] clay;tierra vegetal topsoil, loam5. [en agricultura] land;cultivar la tierra to farm the landtierra cultivable arable land;tierra de cultivo arable land;tierra de labor arable land;tierra de labranza arable land6. [lugar de origen] [país] homeland, native land;[región] home o native region;este chico es de mi tierra this lad is from where I come from;vino/queso de la tierra local wine/cheesetierra natal homeland, native landen tierras del rey on the King's land;en tierras mexicanas on Mexican soil;por estas tierras round these parts, down this way;ver otras tierras to travel, to see the worldestar conectado a tierra, tener toma de tierra to be Br earthed o US grounded10. Am [polvo] dust* * *f1 land;tierra de labor, tierra cultivable arable land, farmland;tierras altas highlands;tierras bajas lowlands;poner tierra de por medio flee, make o.s. scarce fam ;por tierra viajar by land;tomar tierra AVIA land2 materia soil, earth;echar tierra a algo fig hush sth up;echar por tierra ruin, wreck;como si se lo hubiera tragado la tierra as if he had vanished off the face of the earth3 ( patria) native land, homeland;de la tierra locally produced, local4 EL ground, Brearth5:la Tierra the Earth* * *tierra nf1) : land2) suelo: ground, earth3) : country, homeland, soil4)tierra natal : native land5)la Tierra : the Earth* * *tierra n1. (terreno) land2. (materia) earth / soil3. (suelo) groundechar por tierra to ruin / to spoil -
2 Hausarrest
m1. für Kinder: grounding, being kept in; in Internat: gating, Am. campusing; sie hat Hausarrest she’s been grounded2. JUR. house arrest* * *Haus|ar|restm(im Internat) detention; (JUR) house arrestHáúsarrest haben — to be in detention/under house arrest
Fritz kann nicht zum Spielen rauskommen, er hat Háúsarrest — Fritz can't come out to play - he's grounded or being kept in
* * *(a type of arrest in which a person is not allowed to leave his own house: He was kept under house arrest.) house arrest* * *Haus·ar·restm1. (Verbot) confinement to the house\Hausarrest haben to be grounded2. (Strafe) house arrest* * *1) house arrest* * *sie hat Hausarrest she’s been grounded2. JUR house arrest* * *1) house arrest* * *m.house arrest n. -
3 castigar
v.1 to punish (imponer castigo a).castigaron a los niños sin cena they punished the children by sending them to bed without dinnerlo castigaron con la pena capital he was given the death penaltyElsa castiga a los chicos Elsa punishes the kids.Dios castiga la maldad God punishes evil.2 to penalize (sport).3 to damage.una zona castigada por las inundaciones a region severely hit by the floods4 to seduce.5 to ravage.6 to recur to punishment.* * *1 (aplicar una pena) to punish2 (dañar) to damage, ruin3 (una cabalgadura) to ride hard* * *verb* * *VT1) [por delito, falta]a) [+ delincuente, pecador, culpable] to punish ( por for)[+ niño] [gen] to punish; [sin salir] to ground, keep ines un delito que puede ser castigado con 15 años de prisión — it is a crime punishable by 15 years' imprisonment
la profesora me dejó castigado al terminar las clases — the teacher kept me in o made me stay behind after school
castigar la carne — (Rel) to mortify the flesh
b) (Dep) to penalize ( por for)c) (Com, Pol) to punish2) (=perjudicar) [guerra, crisis] to afflict, affect; [calor] to beat down on; [frío] to bite into3) [físicamente] (=maltratar) to damage, harmcastigamos a nuestro cuerpo con los excesos en la bebida — we harm our bodies with excessive drinking
castigar el hígado — iró to damage one's liver
4) [+ caballo] to ride hard5) (=corregir) [+ estilo] to refine; [+ texto] to correct, revise6) (=enamorar) to seduce7) (Com) [+ gastos] to reduce* * *verbo transitivo1)a) < criminal> to punishb) < niño> ( a quedarse en el colegio) to keep... in detention; ( a quedarse en casa) to keep... in as a punishment, to ground (esp AmE colloq)se quedó castigado por contestarle al profesor — he was kept in detention for answering the teacher back
mi padre me ha castigado — my father's keeping me in, my father's grounded me
2) crisis/enfermedad to affect* * *= punish, slap, victimise [victimize, -USA], put + Nombre + on the rack, discipline, chastise, smite.Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado smote, participio smitten. Usado comúnmente con un sentido religioso o bíblico.Ex. They admitted that they did not evaluate their technicians and aides, and confirmed that increases were automatic and the same 'across-the-board'; superior performance was not rewarded, nor inferior performance punished.Ex. I wonder if she did quit if she could slap us with a lawsuit.Ex. In the name of collegiality, students are victimized, considerable intellectual resources are being squandered, and the general public is deliberately misled.Ex. The article ' Putting publishers on the rack' discusses the implications for publishers of supermarkets' greater interest in books.Ex. It draws from the cases some practical pointers for librariansin hiring, firing, and disciplining employees = Deduce de los casos algunos consejos prácticos para los bibliotecarios de cómo contratar, despedir y sancionar a los empleados.Ex. The profession should cease practising the amateurism for which it chastises employers who have untrained persons trying to function as librarians.Ex. Instead, this may come off as a sort of mixed signal considering that God has chosen to smite California right after a proposition was passed banning same sex marriage.----* castigar con la prisión = punish with + prison.* castigar con todo el peso de la ley = punish + to the full extent of the law.* castigar duramente = smite.* castigar severamente = blast.* * *verbo transitivo1)a) < criminal> to punishb) < niño> ( a quedarse en el colegio) to keep... in detention; ( a quedarse en casa) to keep... in as a punishment, to ground (esp AmE colloq)se quedó castigado por contestarle al profesor — he was kept in detention for answering the teacher back
mi padre me ha castigado — my father's keeping me in, my father's grounded me
2) crisis/enfermedad to affect* * *= punish, slap, victimise [victimize, -USA], put + Nombre + on the rack, discipline, chastise, smite.Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado smote, participio smitten. Usado comúnmente con un sentido religioso o bíblico.Ex: They admitted that they did not evaluate their technicians and aides, and confirmed that increases were automatic and the same 'across-the-board'; superior performance was not rewarded, nor inferior performance punished.
Ex: I wonder if she did quit if she could slap us with a lawsuit.Ex: In the name of collegiality, students are victimized, considerable intellectual resources are being squandered, and the general public is deliberately misled.Ex: The article ' Putting publishers on the rack' discusses the implications for publishers of supermarkets' greater interest in books.Ex: It draws from the cases some practical pointers for librariansin hiring, firing, and disciplining employees = Deduce de los casos algunos consejos prácticos para los bibliotecarios de cómo contratar, despedir y sancionar a los empleados.Ex: The profession should cease practising the amateurism for which it chastises employers who have untrained persons trying to function as librarians.Ex: Instead, this may come off as a sort of mixed signal considering that God has chosen to smite California right after a proposition was passed banning same sex marriage.* castigar con la prisión = punish with + prison.* castigar con todo el peso de la ley = punish + to the full extent of the law.* castigar duramente = smite.* castigar severamente = blast.* * *castigar [A3 ]vtA1 ‹criminal› to punishserán castigados de acuerdo a la ley they will be punished according to the lawfueron castigados con la pena máxima they received the maximum sentencecrímenes que son castigados con la pena de muerte crimes punishable by death2 ‹niño›lo castigaron sin postre as a punishment he was made to go without dessert o they wouldn't let him have any dessertme castigaron a aprendérmelo de memoria as a punishment I was made to learn it off by heart o they made me learn it off by heartse quedó castigado por contestarle al profesor he was kept in detention for answering the teacher backmi padre me ha castigado por llegar tarde my father's keeping me in o my father's grounded me for being lateB1«crisis/enfermedad»: castigó duramente su ya débil organismo it severely affected her already weakened bodyla zona más castigada por la sequía the area hardest hit o worst affected by the drought2 ‹caballo› to ride … hard3 ‹toro› to inflict a great deal of punishment on4 ‹motor/frenos› to work … hard* * *
castigar ( conjugate castigar) verbo transitivo
( a quedarse en casa) to keep … in as a punishment, to ground (esp AmE colloq);
castigar verbo transitivo
1 to punish
2 (hacer sufrir, hacer padecer) to harm, ruin
3 Jur Dep to penalize
' castigar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
enterarse
- sancionar
English:
book
- cane
- deal with
- penalize
- punish
- chastise
* * *♦ vt1. [imponer castigo a] to punish;castigaron a los niños sin cena they punished the children by sending them to bed without dinner;lo castigaron con la pena capital he was given the death penalty;los castigaron a copiar la lección diez veces they had to write out the lesson ten times as a punishment2. Dep to penalize;el árbitro castigó la acción con penalti the referee awarded a penalty for the foul3. [dañar] [piel, salud] to damage;[sujeto: sol, viento, epidemia] to devastate;una zona castigada por las inundaciones a region severely hit by the floods;las nuevas medidas castigan a los pequeños inversores the new measures are prejudicial to small investors4. [enamorar] to seduce5. [caballo] [con espuelas] to spur;[con látigo] to whip6. Taurom to wound♦ See also the pronominal verb castigarse* * *v/t punish* * *castigar {52} vt: to punish* * *castigar vb to punish -
4 ground
ISee:II [graund]1. noun1) the solid surface of the Earth:أرْضhigh ground.
2) a piece of land used for some purpose:مَلْعَبa football ground.
2. verb1) to base:يقومُ عَلى، يَتَأسَّسHis argument is grounded on a series of wrong assumptions.
2) to (cause a ship to) hit the seabed or shore and remain stuck.يَرْتَطِم المَرْكَب في القاع3) to prevent (an aeroplane, pilot) from flying:يَمنَع الطائِرَه من الطَّيَرانAll planes have been grounded because of the fog.
-
5 Startverbot erteilen
(to prevent (an aeroplane, pilot) from flying: All planes have been grounded because of the fog.) ground -
6 teoría
f.theory, supposition, hypothesis, postulate.* * *1 theory\en teoría theoreticallyteoría atómica atomic theory* * *noun f.* * *SF theoryen teoría — in theory, theoretically
* * *femenino theory* * *= theory, theorising [theorizing, -USA], theoretical framework.Ex. A study of the major general schemes reveals a wide gulf between theory, as outlined in the previous chapter, and practice, as reflected in the major schemes.Ex. CRG has always been concerned with practical results, and has based its theorizing on practical problems.Ex. While the research has practical, internal applications, it is hoped that a theoretical framework can be established which may also be of use outside the British Library.----* basado en la teoría = grounded in theory.* demostrar la teoría de Uno = make + Posesivo + case.* en teoría = in principle, theoretically, in theory, nominally, in intent.* examen de teoría = theory test.* proponer una teoría = advance + theory.* teoría convolucionista = convolution theory.* teoría cuántica = quantum theory.* teoría de actor-red = actor network theory.* teoría de conjuntos = set theory.* teoría de conjuntos difusos = fuzzy set theory.* teoría de dar sentido = sense-making approach.* teoría de juegos = game theory.* teoría de la comunicación = communication theory.* teoría de la evolución, la = theory of evolution, the.* teoría de la gestión = management theory.* teoría de la gran explosión = big bang, the.* teoría de la gravedad, la = theory of gravity, the.* teoría de la información = information theory.* teoría de la literatura = literary theory.* teoría de la motivación = motivational theory.* teoría de la música = theory of music.* teoría de la relatividad = relativity theory.* teoría de las placas tectónicas = plate tectonics.* teoría del big bang = big bang, the.* teoría del desarrollo humano = developmental theory.* teoría del sicoanálisis = psychoanalytical theory.* teoría de niveles integrados = theory of integrative levels.* teoría de sistemas = systems theory.* teoría económica = economic theory.* teoría evolutiva = developmental theory.* teoría fundamentada = grounded theory.* teoría inductiva = grounded theory.* teoría lingüística = linguistic theory.* teoría literaria = literary theory.* teoría musical = music theory.* teoría y práctica = policy and practice.* * *femenino theory* * *= theory, theorising [theorizing, -USA], theoretical framework.Ex: A study of the major general schemes reveals a wide gulf between theory, as outlined in the previous chapter, and practice, as reflected in the major schemes.
Ex: CRG has always been concerned with practical results, and has based its theorizing on practical problems.Ex: While the research has practical, internal applications, it is hoped that a theoretical framework can be established which may also be of use outside the British Library.* basado en la teoría = grounded in theory.* demostrar la teoría de Uno = make + Posesivo + case.* en teoría = in principle, theoretically, in theory, nominally, in intent.* examen de teoría = theory test.* proponer una teoría = advance + theory.* teoría convolucionista = convolution theory.* teoría cuántica = quantum theory.* teoría de actor-red = actor network theory.* teoría de conjuntos = set theory.* teoría de conjuntos difusos = fuzzy set theory.* teoría de dar sentido = sense-making approach.* teoría de juegos = game theory.* teoría de la comunicación = communication theory.* teoría de la evolución, la = theory of evolution, the.* teoría de la gestión = management theory.* teoría de la gran explosión = big bang, the.* teoría de la gravedad, la = theory of gravity, the.* teoría de la información = information theory.* teoría de la literatura = literary theory.* teoría de la motivación = motivational theory.* teoría de la música = theory of music.* teoría de la relatividad = relativity theory.* teoría de las placas tectónicas = plate tectonics.* teoría del big bang = big bang, the.* teoría del desarrollo humano = developmental theory.* teoría del sicoanálisis = psychoanalytical theory.* teoría de niveles integrados = theory of integrative levels.* teoría de sistemas = systems theory.* teoría económica = economic theory.* teoría evolutiva = developmental theory.* teoría fundamentada = grounded theory.* teoría inductiva = grounded theory.* teoría lingüística = linguistic theory.* teoría literaria = literary theory.* teoría musical = music theory.* teoría y práctica = policy and practice.* * *theoryelaborar una teoría to formulate a theoryyo tengo la teoría de que … I have a theory that …en teoría es fácil in theory it's easyCompuestos:quantum theorytheory of evolutiontheory of relativitydomino theory* * *
teoría sustantivo femenino
theory;
teoría sustantivo femenino theory
♦ Locuciones: en teoría, theoretically
' teoría' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adhesión
- basarse
- base
- consistente
- demostración
- desarrollar
- difusión
- elaborar
- evidencia
- formular
- fundar
- fundarse
- idear
- impugnar
- mantener
- oponerse
- probar
- rigor
- sí
- sostener
- sustentar
- apoyar
- basar
- caduco
- consistencia
- demoler
- enunciar
- exponer
- exposición
- plantear
- proponer
- respaldar
- seguidor
- superación
English:
abstract
- bang
- demolish
- develop
- development
- die out
- explode
- feasible
- hate
- indefensible
- pull apart
- put forward
- reinforce
- rest
- subscribe
- technically
- theory
- onus
- suggestion
* * *teoría nf1. [especulación] theory;la teoría se le da bien, pero la práctica… he's good at the theory but in practice…;en teoría in theory;en teoría han venido a ayudar in theory they have come to help2. [hipótesis] theory;mi teoría es que… my theory is that…;la teoría del big bang the big bang theory; Mat la teoría del caos chaos theory; Biol teoría celular cell theory;teoría de la comunicación communication theory;Mat teoría de conjuntos set theory;teoría del conocimiento epistemology;teoría cuántica quantum theory;la teoría de la evolución the theory of evolution;Mat teoría de grupos group theory;teoría de la información information theory;teoría monetaria monetary theory;Mat teoría de números number theory;la teoría de la relatividad the theory of relativity* * *f theory;en teoría in theory* * *teoría nf: theory* * * -
7 varado
adj.1 stranded, beached, aground, grounded.2 broke, bankrupt, penniless, without money.past part.past participle of spanish verb: varar.* * *1→ link=varar varar► adjetivo1 (anclado) at anchor2 (encallado) stranded\estar varado,-a to run aground* * *1. ADJ1) (Náut)estar varado — (en la playa) to be beached; (en un banco de arena) to be grounded
2) (LAm)* (CAm, Cono Sur, Méx) (=sin dinero) to be broke *2.SM ( Cono Sur) man without a regular job* * *- da adjetivo1)a) (Náut) < barco> agroundb) (AmL) ( detenido)2)a) (Col, Méx fam) ( sin dinero) broke (colloq)b) (Andes) ( sin empleo) out of work* * *= stranded, grounded.Ex. In a flash, without a moment wasted on intelligent astonishment, the poor accosted earthling gives a detailed description of the instrument he apparently assumes without further investigation the stranded space man needs.Ex. The Coast Guard is overseeing the salvaging operations of a grounded vessel which ran aground yesterday.----* quedarse varado = be stranded.* * *- da adjetivo1)a) (Náut) < barco> agroundb) (AmL) ( detenido)2)a) (Col, Méx fam) ( sin dinero) broke (colloq)b) (Andes) ( sin empleo) out of work* * *= stranded, grounded.Ex: In a flash, without a moment wasted on intelligent astonishment, the poor accosted earthling gives a detailed description of the instrument he apparently assumes without further investigation the stranded space man needs.
Ex: The Coast Guard is overseeing the salvaging operations of a grounded vessel which ran aground yesterday.* quedarse varado = be stranded.* * *varado -daA1 ( Náut) ‹barco› agroundquedó varado it ran agroundhay mucho pescado varado a lot of fish have been washed up o washed ashoreuna ballena varada a beached whale2( AmL) (detenido): miles de turistas quedaron varados thousands of tourists were left stranded o ( colloq) high and dryse quedaron varados subiendo la cuesta they had a breakdown o they broke down halfway up the hillme quedé totalmente varado con el trabajo I got stuck with my work, I came to a standstill with my workse quedó varado del miedo que le dio ( RPl); he was rooted to the spot with fear, he was paralyzed by fearB2( Chi) (sin familia, amigos): me dio pena verlo tan varado it made me very sad to see him so alone in the worldse peleó con todos y anda muy varado he's fallen out with everybody so he's very much on his own3 ( Chi) (sin empleo) out of work* * *
Del verbo varar: ( conjugate varar)
varado es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
varado
varar
varado◊ -da adjetivo
1
b) (AmL) ( detenido):
me quedé varado con el trabajo I got stuck with my work
2
varar
I verbo intransitivo (embarrancar) to run aground
II vtr (sacar del agua una embarcación) to beach
' varado' also found in these entries:
English:
stranded
- break
- broken-down
- strand
* * *varado, -a adj1. [barco] [encallado] aground, stranded;[en el dique seco] in dry dock;hay una ballena varada en el puerto there's a beached whale in the harbourse rompió el auto y quedamos varados en mitad de la carretera the car broke down and we were left stranded in the middle of the road;estamos varados en el pasado we are trapped in the past* * *varado, -da adj1) : beached, aground2) : stranded -
8 Kenntnis
f; -, -se1. nur Sg. knowledge (+ Gen oder von of); Kenntnis haben von know (about), be aware of; jemanden von etw. in Kenntnis setzen inform s.o. of s.th., bring s.th. to s.o.’s attention; Kenntnis nehmen von take note of; es ist uns zur Kenntnis gelangt, dass... we have learned ( oder been informed) that...; das entzieht sich meiner Kenntnis I have no knowledge of it2. Kenntnisse (Wissen) knowledge (+ Gen oder in + Dat of); (Erfahrung) experience (in, of); (Verständnis) understanding (of); gute Kenntnisse haben in (+ Dat) have a good knowledge of, be well grounded in* * *die Kenntnisknowledge; awareness* * *Kẹnnt|nis ['kɛntnɪs]f -, -seüber Kenntnisse von etw verfügen — to be knowledgeable about sth, to know about sth
gute Kenntnisse in Mathematik haben — to have a good knowledge of mathematics
ohne Kenntnis des Englischen — without any or a knowledge of English, without knowing English
2) no pl (form)etw zur Kenntnis nehmen, von etw Kenntnis nehmen — to note sth, to take note of sth
ich nehme zur Kenntnis, dass... — I note that...
jdn von etw in Kenntnis setzen — to inform or advise (Comm, form) sb about sth
das entzieht sich meiner Kenntnis — I have no knowledge of it
* * *die1) ((with with) knowledge: My acquaintance with the works of Shakespeare is slight.) acquaintance2) (information or what is known: He had a vast amount of knowledge about boats.) knowledge3) notice4) (a job or activity that requires training and practice; an art or craft: the basic skills of reading and writing.) skill* * *Kennt·nis<-, -se>[ˈkɛntnɪs]fetw entzieht sich jds \Kenntnis (geh) sb has no knowledge of [or doesn't know anything about] sthetw zur \Kenntnis nehmen to take note of sthzur \Kenntnis nehmen, dass to note thatohne \Kenntnis der familiären Situation können wir nicht viel tun we can't do much without knowing about the family situationSie sollten Ihre \Kenntnisse vertiefen you should broaden your knowledge\Kenntnis des Gerichts judicial knowledge [or cognizance]gesetzlich vermutete \Kenntnis constructive noticeetw zur \Kenntnis nehmen to take cognizance of sth* * *die; Kenntnis, Kenntnisse1) o. Pl. knowledgevon etwas Kenntnis haben/erhalten — be informed on something or have knowledge of something/learn or hear about something
das entzieht sich meiner Kenntnis — (geh.) I have no knowledge of that
von etwas Kenntnis nehmen, etwas zur Kenntnis nehmen — take note of something
jemanden von etwas in Kenntnis setzen — inform or notify somebody of something
2) Plural knowledge sing.oberflächliche/gründliche Kenntnisse in etwas (Dat.) haben — have a superficial/thorough knowledge of something
* * *1. nur sg knowledge (+gen odervon of);Kenntnis haben von know (about), be aware of;jemanden von etwas in Kenntnis setzen inform sb of sth, bring sth to sb’s attention;Kenntnis nehmen von take note of;es ist uns zur Kenntnis gelangt, dass … we have learned ( oder been informed) that …;das entzieht sich meiner Kenntnis I have no knowledge of it2.gute Kenntnisse haben in (+dat) have a good knowledge of, be well grounded in* * *die; Kenntnis, Kenntnisse1) o. Pl. knowledgevon etwas Kenntnis haben/erhalten — be informed on something or have knowledge of something/learn or hear about something
das entzieht sich meiner Kenntnis — (geh.) I have no knowledge of that
von etwas Kenntnis nehmen, etwas zur Kenntnis nehmen — take note of something
jemanden von etwas in Kenntnis setzen — inform or notify somebody of something
2) Plural knowledge sing.oberflächliche/gründliche Kenntnisse in etwas (Dat.) haben — have a superficial/thorough knowledge of something
* * *-se f.familiarity n.knowledge n. -
9 constante
adj.1 persistent (person) (en una empresa).2 constant.3 unchanging, uniform, consistent, constant.4 dedicated, hardworking.f.1 constant.2 Constante.* * *► adjetivo1 (invariable) constant2 (persona) steadfast1 MATEMÁTICAS constant\constantes vitales vital signs* * *adj.* * *1. ADJ1) (=continuado) constantun día de lluvia constante — a day of constant o persistent rain
2) (=frecuente) constant3) (=perseverante) [persona] persevering4) (Fís) [velocidad, temperatura, presión] constant2. SF1) (=factor predominante)el mar es una constante en su obra — the sea is a constant theme o an ever-present theme in his work
el paro es una constante en la economía española — unemployment is a permanent feature of the Spanish economy
2) (Mat) constant3) (Med)* * *I1) ( continuo) constant2) ( perseverante) < persona> perseveringIIa) (Mat) constantb) ( característica) constant featurec) constantes femenino plural (Med) tb* * *= constant, continual, continued, continuing, continuous, even, ongoing [on-going], persistent, regular, unvarying, steadfast, perpetual, steady [steadier -comp., steadiest -sup.], abiding, unfailing, unabated, constant, standing, unflagging, assiduous, on-the-go, unceasing, incessant, ceaseless, persevering.Ex. Film and videotape are stored on the premises in vaults situated at the back of the library and are air conditioned to ensure a constant temperature.Ex. The second point concerns the continual reference to Haykin's book, a sort of code of subject authority practice and its drawbacks.Ex. Instructional development is a goal-oriented, problem-solving process involving techniques such as development of specific objectives, analysis of learners and tasks, preliminary trials, formative and summative evaluation, and continued revision.Ex. They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.Ex. However, in 1983, Forest Press decided to opt for the concept of continuous revision.Ex. An unvarying level of illumination, heating, cooling, ventilation and acoustics will give the even type of environment needed in an academic library.Ex. This study has many implications for an ongoing COMARC effort beyond the present pilot project because it is evident that a very small number of libraries can furnish machine-readable records with full LC/MARC encoding.Ex. Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.Ex. Book form was generally regarded as too inflexible for library catalogues, especially where the catalogue required regular updating to cater for continuing and gradual expansion of the collection.Ex. An unvarying level of illumination, heating, cooling, ventilation and acoustics will give the even type of environment needed in an academic library.Ex. He does admit, however, that 'this power is unusual, it is a gift which must be cultivated, an accomplishment which can only be acquired by vigorous and steadfast concentration'.Ex. Possessed of a phenomenal memory and a perpetual smile, this paragon always is ready to meet the public without losing balance or a sense of humor.Ex. Susan Blanch is a fairly steady customer, taking only fiction books.Ex. The revision and correction of reference works is an abiding concern to the librarian and the user.Ex. Public libraries can be characterized by an unfailing flexibility and sincere intent to help people solve problems.Ex. The demand for English as the world's lingua franca continues unabated.Ex. In this formula, curly brackets {} indicate activities, and alpha, beta and gamma are constants = En esta fórmula, las llaves {} indican actividades y alfa, beta y gamma son las constantes.Ex. A standing reproach to all librarians is the non-user.Ex. Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.Ex. The management of a large number of digital images requires assiduous attention to all stages of production.Ex. With technologies such as SMS, Podcasting, voice over IP (VoIP), and more becoming increasingly mainstream, the potential to provide instant, on-the-go reference is limitless.Ex. But just as she pulled over the road in the pitch blackness of night she heard the unceasing sound of the night like she had never heard it.Ex. The great practical education of the Englishman is derived from incessant intercourse between man and man, in trade.Ex. Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.Ex. Napoleon Bonaparte said: 'Victory belongs to the most persevering' and 'Ability is of little account without opportunity'.----* constante de bajada = slope constant.* constante flujo de = steady stream of.* constante vital = vital sign.* crítica constante = nagging.* de un modo constante = on an ongoing basis.* en constante expansión = ever-expanding, ever-growing.* en constante movimiento = on the go.* los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* mantenimiento de las constantes vitales = life support.* máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.* permanecer constante = remain + constant.* que está en constante evolución = ever-evolving.* serie constante de = steady stream of.* ser una constante = be a constant.* * *I1) ( continuo) constant2) ( perseverante) < persona> perseveringIIa) (Mat) constantb) ( característica) constant featurec) constantes femenino plural (Med) tb* * *= constant, continual, continued, continuing, continuous, even, ongoing [on-going], persistent, regular, unvarying, steadfast, perpetual, steady [steadier -comp., steadiest -sup.], abiding, unfailing, unabated, constant, standing, unflagging, assiduous, on-the-go, unceasing, incessant, ceaseless, persevering.Ex: Film and videotape are stored on the premises in vaults situated at the back of the library and are air conditioned to ensure a constant temperature.
Ex: The second point concerns the continual reference to Haykin's book, a sort of code of subject authority practice and its drawbacks.Ex: Instructional development is a goal-oriented, problem-solving process involving techniques such as development of specific objectives, analysis of learners and tasks, preliminary trials, formative and summative evaluation, and continued revision.Ex: They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.Ex: However, in 1983, Forest Press decided to opt for the concept of continuous revision.Ex: An unvarying level of illumination, heating, cooling, ventilation and acoustics will give the even type of environment needed in an academic library.Ex: This study has many implications for an ongoing COMARC effort beyond the present pilot project because it is evident that a very small number of libraries can furnish machine-readable records with full LC/MARC encoding.Ex: Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.Ex: Book form was generally regarded as too inflexible for library catalogues, especially where the catalogue required regular updating to cater for continuing and gradual expansion of the collection.Ex: An unvarying level of illumination, heating, cooling, ventilation and acoustics will give the even type of environment needed in an academic library.Ex: He does admit, however, that 'this power is unusual, it is a gift which must be cultivated, an accomplishment which can only be acquired by vigorous and steadfast concentration'.Ex: Possessed of a phenomenal memory and a perpetual smile, this paragon always is ready to meet the public without losing balance or a sense of humor.Ex: Susan Blanch is a fairly steady customer, taking only fiction books.Ex: The revision and correction of reference works is an abiding concern to the librarian and the user.Ex: Public libraries can be characterized by an unfailing flexibility and sincere intent to help people solve problems.Ex: The demand for English as the world's lingua franca continues unabated.Ex: In this formula, curly brackets {} indicate activities, and alpha, beta and gamma are constants = En esta fórmula, las llaves {} indican actividades y alfa, beta y gamma son las constantes.Ex: A standing reproach to all librarians is the non-user.Ex: Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.Ex: The management of a large number of digital images requires assiduous attention to all stages of production.Ex: With technologies such as SMS, Podcasting, voice over IP (VoIP), and more becoming increasingly mainstream, the potential to provide instant, on-the-go reference is limitless.Ex: But just as she pulled over the road in the pitch blackness of night she heard the unceasing sound of the night like she had never heard it.Ex: The great practical education of the Englishman is derived from incessant intercourse between man and man, in trade.Ex: Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.Ex: Napoleon Bonaparte said: 'Victory belongs to the most persevering' and 'Ability is of little account without opportunity'.* constante de bajada = slope constant.* constante flujo de = steady stream of.* constante vital = vital sign.* crítica constante = nagging.* de un modo constante = on an ongoing basis.* en constante expansión = ever-expanding, ever-growing.* en constante movimiento = on the go.* los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* mantenimiento de las constantes vitales = life support.* máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.* permanecer constante = remain + constant.* que está en constante evolución = ever-evolving.* serie constante de = steady stream of.* ser una constante = be a constant.* * *A1 (continuo) constantestaba sometido a una constante vigilancia he was kept under constant surveillance2 ‹tema/motivo› constantB (perseverante) persevering1 ( Mat) constant2 (característica) constant featurelas escaseces han sido una constante durante los últimos siete años shortages have been a constant feature of the last seven yearsdurante estas fechas las colas son una constante en las tiendas at this time of year queues are a regular feature in the shopsuna constante en su obra a constant theme in his workel malhumor es una constante en él he's always in a bad moodconstantes vitales vital signs (pl)* * *
constante adjetivo
■ sustantivo femeninoa) (Mat) constant
c)
constante
I adjetivo
1 (tenaz) steadfast: es una persona constante en sus ambiciones, he is steadfast in his ambitions
2 (incesante, sin variaciones) constant, incessant, unchanging: me mareaba el constante barullo que había allí, the constant racket there made me dizzy
II sustantivo femenino
1 constant feature: los desengaños fueron una constante a lo largo de su vida, disappointments were a constant during his lifetime
2 Mat constant
' constante' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
fiel
- salario
- sangría
English:
constant
- continual
- cruise
- equable
- even
- incessant
- recurrent
- steadily
- steady
- unfailing
- uniform
- unremitting
- break
- consistent
- drive
- eternal
- niggling
- persistent
- wear
* * *♦ adj1. [persona] [en una empresa] persistent;[en ideas, opiniones] steadfast;se mantuvo constante en su esfuerzo he persevered in his efforts2. [lluvia, atención] constant, persistent;[temperatura] constant3. [que se repite] constant♦ nf1. [rasgo] constant;las desilusiones han sido una constante en su vida disappointments have been a constant feature in her life;las tormentas son una constante en sus cuadros storms are an ever-present feature in his paintings;la violencia es una constante histórica en la región the region has known violence throughout its history2. Mat constant3. constantes vitales vital signs;mantener las constantes vitales de alguien to keep sb alive* * *I adj constantII f MAT constant* * *constante adj: constant♦ constantemente advconstante nf: constant* * *constante adj (continuo) constant -
10 continuo
adj.1 continuous, around-the-clock, constant, round-the-clock.Una función continua (no discreta) A continuous function (not discrete)...2 nonstop.3 continuous, one-piece, non broken.4 continuous, not discrete, indiscrete.Una función continua (no discreta) A continuous function (not discrete)...m.1 continuum, whole, undivided whole.2 continuo, bass accompaniment in a musical score.* * *► adjetivo1 (seguido) continuous2 (continuado) continual, constant1 (todo) continuum2 (de gente) flow\corriente continua direct currentmovimiento continuo perpetual motion————————1 (todo) continuum2 (de gente) flow* * *(f. - continua)adj.continuous, constant* * *1. ADJ1) (=ininterrumpido) [línea, fila] continuous; [dolor, movimiento, crecimiento] constant, continuous; [pesadilla, molestia] constantevaluación 2), sesión 3)la presencia continua de los militares lo hacía todo más difícil — the constant o continuous presence of the soldiers made everything more difficult
2) (=frecuente, repetido) [llamadas, amenazas, críticas, cambios] constant, continualno aguanto sus continuas quejas — I can't bear his constant o continual complaining
3) (Fís) [movimiento] perpetual4) (Elec) [corriente] direct5) (Ling) continuous6)2.SM (Fís) continuum* * *I- nua adjetivoa) ( sin interrupción) < dolor> constant; <movimiento/sonido> continuous, constant; < lucha> continualb) ( frecuente) <llamadas/viajes> continual, constantc)IIcontinuum masculino (frml) continuum* * *= continual, continued, continuing, continuous, ongoing [on-going], persistent, running, sustained, steady [steadier -comp., steadiest -sup.], continuum, uninterrupted, long-term, everlasting, unrelieved, back-to-back, unceasing, incessant, ceaseless.Ex. The second point concerns the continual reference to Haykin's book, a sort of code of subject authority practice and its drawbacks.Ex. Instructional development is a goal-oriented, problem-solving process involving techniques such as development of specific objectives, analysis of learners and tasks, preliminary trials, formative and summative evaluation, and continued revision.Ex. They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.Ex. However, in 1983, Forest Press decided to opt for the concept of continuous revision.Ex. This study has many implications for an ongoing COMARC effort beyond the present pilot project because it is evident that a very small number of libraries can furnish machine-readable records with full LC/MARC encoding.Ex. Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.Ex. Tom Hernandez knew that there had been a ' running feud' between Lespran and Balzac during the last year or so.Ex. Research has shown that strong centralized control of employees is not the best way to achieve operational efficiency or sustained productivity.Ex. Susan Blanch is a fairly steady customer, taking only fiction books.Ex. At the other end of the continuum is the form of hack writing typified by the poorest quality of adventure stories (often mildly pornographic).Ex. For this purpose it is assumed that the usual 23-letter latin alphabet, or an uninterrupted series of numerals, is used for signing the gatherings.Ex. Many long-term residents feel that Junctionville should be governed the way it was before Groome appeared -- by 'good old boys' who had worked their way up, who eschewed issues, and who faithfully rewarded their cronies.Ex. Appraisal is the single most important function performed by an archivist because it has wide-reaching and everlasting social implications.Ex. Although the slave narratives were usually intended to serve in the cause of abolition, not all of them were bitter, unrelieved tirades against the institution of slavery, but rather there were frequently moments of relieving laughter.Ex. The conference program includes back-to-back papers on techniques for sorting Unicode data.Ex. But just as she pulled over the road in the pitch blackness of night she heard the unceasing sound of the night like she had never heard it.Ex. The great practical education of the Englishman is derived from incessant intercourse between man and man, in trade.Ex. Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.----* en continuo aumento = ever-increasing.* en continuo cambio = constantly shifting.* flujo continuo = continuum.* formación continua = continuing training.* formación continua en el trabajo = workplace learning.* máquina continua de papel = paper-making machine.* miedo continuo = nagging fear.* paginación continua = continuous pagination.* papel continuo de periódico = newsprint.* papel perforado continuo = continuous computer stationery.* temor continuo = nagging fear.* texto continuo = stream of text.* * *I- nua adjetivoa) ( sin interrupción) < dolor> constant; <movimiento/sonido> continuous, constant; < lucha> continualb) ( frecuente) <llamadas/viajes> continual, constantc)IIcontinuum masculino (frml) continuum* * *= continual, continued, continuing, continuous, ongoing [on-going], persistent, running, sustained, steady [steadier -comp., steadiest -sup.], continuum, uninterrupted, long-term, everlasting, unrelieved, back-to-back, unceasing, incessant, ceaseless.Ex: The second point concerns the continual reference to Haykin's book, a sort of code of subject authority practice and its drawbacks.
Ex: Instructional development is a goal-oriented, problem-solving process involving techniques such as development of specific objectives, analysis of learners and tasks, preliminary trials, formative and summative evaluation, and continued revision.Ex: They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.Ex: However, in 1983, Forest Press decided to opt for the concept of continuous revision.Ex: This study has many implications for an ongoing COMARC effort beyond the present pilot project because it is evident that a very small number of libraries can furnish machine-readable records with full LC/MARC encoding.Ex: Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.Ex: Tom Hernandez knew that there had been a ' running feud' between Lespran and Balzac during the last year or so.Ex: Research has shown that strong centralized control of employees is not the best way to achieve operational efficiency or sustained productivity.Ex: Susan Blanch is a fairly steady customer, taking only fiction books.Ex: At the other end of the continuum is the form of hack writing typified by the poorest quality of adventure stories (often mildly pornographic).Ex: For this purpose it is assumed that the usual 23-letter latin alphabet, or an uninterrupted series of numerals, is used for signing the gatherings.Ex: Many long-term residents feel that Junctionville should be governed the way it was before Groome appeared -- by 'good old boys' who had worked their way up, who eschewed issues, and who faithfully rewarded their cronies.Ex: Appraisal is the single most important function performed by an archivist because it has wide-reaching and everlasting social implications.Ex: Although the slave narratives were usually intended to serve in the cause of abolition, not all of them were bitter, unrelieved tirades against the institution of slavery, but rather there were frequently moments of relieving laughter.Ex: The conference program includes back-to-back papers on techniques for sorting Unicode data.Ex: But just as she pulled over the road in the pitch blackness of night she heard the unceasing sound of the night like she had never heard it.Ex: The great practical education of the Englishman is derived from incessant intercourse between man and man, in trade.Ex: Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.* en continuo aumento = ever-increasing.* en continuo cambio = constantly shifting.* flujo continuo = continuum.* formación continua = continuing training.* formación continua en el trabajo = workplace learning.* máquina continua de papel = paper-making machine.* miedo continuo = nagging fear.* paginación continua = continuous pagination.* papel continuo de periódico = newsprint.* papel perforado continuo = continuous computer stationery.* temor continuo = nagging fear.* texto continuo = stream of text.* * *1 ‹dolor› (sin interrupción) constant; ‹movimiento/sonido› continuous, constant; ‹lucha› continual2 (frecuente) ‹llamadas/viajes› continual, constantestoy harto de sus continuas protestas I'm fed up of his continual o constant complaining3( frml)continuum* * *
Del verbo continuar: ( conjugate continuar)
continúo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
continuó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
continuar
continuo
continuar ( conjugate continuar) verbo transitivo
to continue
verbo intransitivo [guerra/espectáculo/vida] to continue;◊ si las cosas continúan así if things go on o continue like this;
( on signs) continuará to be continued;
continuo con algo to continue with sth;
continuó diciendo que … she went on to say that …
continuo -nua adjetivo
‹movimiento/sonido› continuous, constant;
‹ lucha› continual
continuar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo
1 to continue, carry on (with)
2 (seguir en un lugar) continúa viviendo en Brasil, he's still living in Brazil
3 (seguir sucediendo) continúa lloviendo, it is still raining
(una película) continuará, to be continued ➣ Ver nota en continue
continuo,-a adjetivo
1 (incesante) continuous
corriente continua, direct current
Auto línea continua, solid white line
sesión continua, continuous showing
2 (repetido) continual, constant
sus continuos reproches, his endless reproaches
' continuo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
continua
- continuamente
- intranquila
- intranquilo
- constante
- continuar
- horario
English:
ago
- begin
- continual
- continuous
- now
- pause
- perpetual
- perpetual motion
- persistent
- rattle on
- solid
- teethe
- unbroken
- ache
- endless
- running
- steady
* * *continuo, -a♦ adj1. [ininterrumpido] continuous;las continuas lluvias obligaron a suspender el partido the continuous rain forced them to call off the game2. [perseverante] continual;me irritan sus continuas preguntas her continual questioning irritates me3. [unido] continuous;papel continuo continuous stationery♦ nm1. [sucesión] succession, series2. Fís continuum3. Ling continuum♦ de continuo loc advcontinually* * *adjde continuo constantly2 ( frecuente) continual* * *: continuous, steady, constant♦ continuamente adv* * *continuo adj1. (ininterrumpido) continuous2. (repetido) continual -
11 controlar
v.1 to control.Pedro controla su vida al fin Peter controls his life at last.María controla a sus hijos con lástima Mary controls her kids through pity.2 to check.3 to watch, to keep an eye on.4 to take over, to control.María controla los negocios Mary takes over business.* * *1 (gen) to control2 (comprobar) to check1 (moderarse) to control oneself* * *verb1) to control2) monitor* * *1. VT1) (=dominar) [+ situación, emoción, balón, vehículo, inflación] to controllos rebeldes controlan ya todo el país — the rebels now control the whole country, the rebels are now in control of the whole country
los bomberos consiguieron controlar el fuego — the firefighters managed to bring the fire under control
no controlo muy bien ese tema — * I'm not very hot on that subject *
2) (=vigilar)contrólame al niño mientras yo estoy fuera — * can you keep an eye on the child while I'm out
estoy encargado de controlar que todo salga bien — I'm responsible for checking o seeing that everything goes well
controla que no hierva el café — * make sure the coffee doesn't boil, see that the coffee doesn't boil
3) (=regular) to control2.VI *3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( dominar) <nervios/impulsos/persona> to control2) ( vigilar) <inflación/proceso> to monitorcontrolar el peso/la línea — to watch one's weight/one's waistline
3) ( regular) <presión/inflación> to control2.controlarse v pron1) ( dominarse) to control oneselfsi no se controla acabará alcoholizado — if he doesn't get a grip on himself he's going to become an alcoholic
2) ( vigilar) <peso/colesterol> to check, monitor* * *= control, get + command of, govern, keep + a rein on, keep within + bounds, monitor, regulate, peg, police, master, command, scourge, keep down + Nombre, stem + the tide of, bring under + control, hold in + line, gain + control (over/of), get + a grip on, hold + the reins of, corral, check up on, keep + tabs on, wield + control, hold + sway (over), wiretap [wire-tap], hold + the line, keep + a tight hold on, take + control of, stay on top of, stay in + control, rein in, hold + Nombre + in.Ex. These fields control the access to the main record and are all fixed length fields.Ex. The great storyteller, FC Sayers, having advised the beginner to 'steep himself in folklore until the elemental themes are part of himself,' explains how best to get command of a tale.Ex. It is not sufficient merely to describe the processes that govern the creation and generation of indexing and abstracting data.Ex. Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.Ex. Costs can be kept within reasonable bounds if a method appropriate to the specific application is chosen.Ex. Ideally it should be possible to include some form of student assessment or to monitor the student's progress.Ex. Built into each operator are sets of instructions to the computer which regulate where the term must appear in the printed entries generated from the string, typefaces, and necessary punctuation.Ex. After a couple of months, I had his overall behavior pretty well pegged.Ex. For many centuries local authorities have been responsible for policing Weights and Measures Acts and regulations and, where a breach of legislation was uncovered, would prosecute in the criminal court.Ex. The library director strove to master his frustration.Ex. Very few engravers commanded the necessary artistry.Ex. The reference librarian must always resist an impulse to be glib; he must scourge and throttle his vanity; he must reach a conclusion rather than begin with it.Ex. Activities such as gardening or cookery are dealt with in many books in ways which go far beyond the simple keeping down of weeds or just filling empty stomachs.Ex. This article discusses some strategies that are being developed to stem the tide of losses caused worldwide by piracy.Ex. But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.Ex. The library staff consists of 6 professional librarians and 11 clerical workers, all of whom are held firmly in line by the forceful personality of the director, a retired military colonel.Ex. Gradually many of these conquerors came to realize that, although military might was necessary to gain control over an area, sheer force of arms was not sufficient to govern effectively.Ex. The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.Ex. This trend may also be explained by the hegemony of those who hold the reins of international publication.Ex. The article is entitled 'Microfilm retrieval system corrals paper flood for Ameritech publishing'.Ex. The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.Ex. The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.Ex. Influence and control is currently wielded by sterile professionals who are blind to the need to develop services beyond print.Ex. This ideology appealed widely to the librarian as well as the library user and held sway for nearly a quarter of a millennium when, in 1841, a catalytic event in the history of cataloging took place.Ex. The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.Ex. The standpatters argue, and the progressives agree, that the tax line must be held in the interest of attracting industry = Los conservadores proponen y los progresistas están de acuerdo en que se deben contener los impuestos para atraer a la industria.Ex. A study of telly-addicts has found that in 45 per cent of homes mums keep a tight hold on the remote control.Ex. Five years after they took control of war-ravaged Afghanistan, reconstruction remains a job half done.Ex. Adapting to change -- and staying on top of the changes -- is a huge key to success in industry.Ex. This section of the book is all about how to stay in control of your personal information.Ex. If librarians hope to rein in escalating periodical prices, they must become more assertive consumers.Ex. The longer a fart is held in, the larger the proportion of inert nitrogen it contains, because the other gases tend to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the intestine.----* controlar aún más = tighten + Posesivo + grip on.* controlar el presupuesto = control + the purse strings.* controlar la economía = control + the purse strings.* controlar las finanzas = control + the purse strings.* controlar la situación = tame + the beast.* controlar los gastos = control + costs, contain + costs.* controlarlo todo = have + a finger in every pie.* controlarse = command + Reflexivo, pace.* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( dominar) <nervios/impulsos/persona> to control2) ( vigilar) <inflación/proceso> to monitorcontrolar el peso/la línea — to watch one's weight/one's waistline
3) ( regular) <presión/inflación> to control2.controlarse v pron1) ( dominarse) to control oneselfsi no se controla acabará alcoholizado — if he doesn't get a grip on himself he's going to become an alcoholic
2) ( vigilar) <peso/colesterol> to check, monitor* * *= control, get + command of, govern, keep + a rein on, keep within + bounds, monitor, regulate, peg, police, master, command, scourge, keep down + Nombre, stem + the tide of, bring under + control, hold in + line, gain + control (over/of), get + a grip on, hold + the reins of, corral, check up on, keep + tabs on, wield + control, hold + sway (over), wiretap [wire-tap], hold + the line, keep + a tight hold on, take + control of, stay on top of, stay in + control, rein in, hold + Nombre + in.Ex: These fields control the access to the main record and are all fixed length fields.
Ex: The great storyteller, FC Sayers, having advised the beginner to 'steep himself in folklore until the elemental themes are part of himself,' explains how best to get command of a tale.Ex: It is not sufficient merely to describe the processes that govern the creation and generation of indexing and abstracting data.Ex: Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.Ex: Costs can be kept within reasonable bounds if a method appropriate to the specific application is chosen.Ex: Ideally it should be possible to include some form of student assessment or to monitor the student's progress.Ex: Built into each operator are sets of instructions to the computer which regulate where the term must appear in the printed entries generated from the string, typefaces, and necessary punctuation.Ex: After a couple of months, I had his overall behavior pretty well pegged.Ex: For many centuries local authorities have been responsible for policing Weights and Measures Acts and regulations and, where a breach of legislation was uncovered, would prosecute in the criminal court.Ex: The library director strove to master his frustration.Ex: Very few engravers commanded the necessary artistry.Ex: The reference librarian must always resist an impulse to be glib; he must scourge and throttle his vanity; he must reach a conclusion rather than begin with it.Ex: Activities such as gardening or cookery are dealt with in many books in ways which go far beyond the simple keeping down of weeds or just filling empty stomachs.Ex: This article discusses some strategies that are being developed to stem the tide of losses caused worldwide by piracy.Ex: But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.Ex: The library staff consists of 6 professional librarians and 11 clerical workers, all of whom are held firmly in line by the forceful personality of the director, a retired military colonel.Ex: Gradually many of these conquerors came to realize that, although military might was necessary to gain control over an area, sheer force of arms was not sufficient to govern effectively.Ex: The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.Ex: This trend may also be explained by the hegemony of those who hold the reins of international publication.Ex: The article is entitled 'Microfilm retrieval system corrals paper flood for Ameritech publishing'.Ex: The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.Ex: The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.Ex: Influence and control is currently wielded by sterile professionals who are blind to the need to develop services beyond print.Ex: This ideology appealed widely to the librarian as well as the library user and held sway for nearly a quarter of a millennium when, in 1841, a catalytic event in the history of cataloging took place.Ex: The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.Ex: The standpatters argue, and the progressives agree, that the tax line must be held in the interest of attracting industry = Los conservadores proponen y los progresistas están de acuerdo en que se deben contener los impuestos para atraer a la industria.Ex: A study of telly-addicts has found that in 45 per cent of homes mums keep a tight hold on the remote control.Ex: Five years after they took control of war-ravaged Afghanistan, reconstruction remains a job half done.Ex: Adapting to change -- and staying on top of the changes -- is a huge key to success in industry.Ex: This section of the book is all about how to stay in control of your personal information.Ex: If librarians hope to rein in escalating periodical prices, they must become more assertive consumers.Ex: The longer a fart is held in, the larger the proportion of inert nitrogen it contains, because the other gases tend to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the intestine.* controlar aún más = tighten + Posesivo + grip on.* controlar el presupuesto = control + the purse strings.* controlar la economía = control + the purse strings.* controlar las finanzas = control + the purse strings.* controlar la situación = tame + the beast.* controlar los gastos = control + costs, contain + costs.* controlarlo todo = have + a finger in every pie.* controlarse = command + Reflexivo, pace.* * *controlar [A1 ]vt1 ‹nervios/impulsos/emociones› to control; ‹persona/animal› to controlcontrolamos la situación we are in control of the situation, we have the situation under controlel incendio fue rápidamente controlado por los bomberos the firemen quickly got o brought the fire under controlcontrolan ahora toda la zona they now control o they are now in control of the whole areapasaron a controlar la empresa they took control of the company2 ( fam); ‹tema› to know aboutestos temas no los controlo I don't know anything about these things, I'm not too well up on o hot on these things ( colloq)Bdeja de controlar todos mis gastos stop checking up on how much I spend the whole timeme tienen muy controlada they keep a close watch o they keep tabs on everything I do, they keep me on a very tight reinel portero controlaba las entradas y salidas the porter kept a check on everyone who came in or outcontrolé el tiempo que me llevó I timed myself o how long it took meC (regular) to controleste mecanismo controla la presión this mechanism regulates o controls the pressuremedidas para controlar la inflación measures to control inflation o to bring inflation under controlD ( Dep) (en doping) to administer a test tofue controlado positivo tras su victoria he tested positive after his victorylo controlaron negativo he was tested negativeA (dominarse) to control oneselfsi no se controla acabará alcoholizado if he doesn't get a grip o a hold on himself he's going to become an alcoholicse controla el peso regularmente she checks her weight regularly, she keeps a regular check on her weight* * *
Multiple Entries:
controlar
controlar algo
controlar ( conjugate controlar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹nervios/impulsos/persona› to control;
‹ incendio› to bring … under control;
pasaron a controlar la empresa they took control of the company
2 ‹inflación/proceso› to monitor;
‹ persona› to keep a check on;◊ controlar el peso/la línea to watch one's weight/one's waistline;
controlé el tiempo que me llevó I timed how long it took me
3 ( regular) ‹presión/inflación› to control
controlarse verbo pronominal ( dominarse) to control oneself;
( vigilar) ‹peso/colesterol› to check, monitor
controlar verbo transitivo
1 to control
2 (comprobar) to check
' controlar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
dominar
- fraude
- manejar
- potingue
- sujetar
- contener
English:
control
- grip
- hold down
- manage
- monitor
- regiment
- spot-check
- stamp out
- check
- discipline
- help
- unruly
* * *♦ vt1. [dominar] to control;controlar la situación to be in control of the situation;la empresa controla el 30 por ciento del mercado the company controls 30 percent of the market;los bomberos todavía no han conseguido controlar el incendio firefighters have still not managed to bring the fire under control;medidas para controlar los precios measures to control prices2. [comprobar, verificar] to check;controla el nivel del aceite check the oil level;controlan continuamente su tensión arterial they are continuously monitoring his blood pressure3. [vigilar] to watch, to keep an eye on;la policía controla todos sus movimientos the police watch his every move;nos controlan la hora de llegada they keep a check on when we arrive;♦ viFam [saber] to know;Rosa controla un montón de química Rosa knows loads about chemistry* * *v/t1 control2 ( vigilar) check* * *controlar vt1) : to control2) : to monitor, to check* * *controlar vb2. (comprobar) to check -
12 debate
m.debate.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: debatir.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: debatir.* * *1 debate, discussion* * *noun m.* * *SM debateno entro en el debate de si es bueno o malo — I won't enter into the debate about whether it is good or bad
tuvimos un pequeño debate sobre la película — we had a little discussion o debate about the film
poner o sacar un tema a debate — to raise an issue for discussion
* * *masculino debate; ( más informal) discussion* * *= debate, discussion, exchange, thread, disquisition, Q&A session [question and answer session].Ex. The debate as to which is the most effective way to classify books has not been positively settled.Ex. In a journal most formal items including articles, essays, discussions and reviews can be expected to be accompanied by an abstract.Ex. Reports of interviews of exchanges are to be entered under the participant if the report is essentially confined to the words of the person(s) interviewed.Ex. The thread linking these giants is the acknowledgement that libraries exist to serve their users.Ex. There are disadvantages to this but a disquisition on all of that would run on for many pages.Ex. The delivery of each presentation should last 15-20 minutes which should include a Q&A session.----* abrir el debate = open + the debate.* abrir + Nombre + al debate = open + Nombre + to discussion.* acallar el debate = stifle + debate.* contribución a un debate = input to a debate.* contribuir a un debate = have + an input to a debate.* debate abierto = open discussion.* debate académico = academic debate.* debate acalorado = heated debate, heated discussion.* debate + centrarse sobre = debate + centre around/on/upon.* debate científico = scientific debate.* debate de grupo = group discussion.* debate + durar = debate + rage, debate + simmer.* debate en grupo = group discussion.* debate entre ponentes = panel discussion, panel debate.* debate + mantenerse = debate + rage.* debate parlamentario = parliamentary debate.* debate + perdurar = debate + rage, debate + simmer.* debate político = political discussion, political debate.* debate por tema de interés = breakout discussion.* debate presidencial = presidential debate.* debate público = public debate.* debate + seguir = debate + rage.* debate social = public discourse.* desviar el debate de... a = wrest + discussion + away from... to.* documento de debate = discussion paper.* el tema del debate = the focus of the discussion.* estar en debate = be under discussion.* estimular el debate = provoke + discussion, prompt + discussion, pepper + debate.* fomentar el debate = foster + discussion.* foro de debate = discussion list, listserv(er) [list-serv(er)], newsgroup [news group], electronic forum, open forum, e-mail list, distribution list, electronic distribution list, discussion forum.* foro de debate en línea = online forum.* generar debate = generate + debate.* grupo de debate = discussion group, focus group, discussion list, electronic forum, panel discussion, panel debate.* limitar el debate a = keep + discussion + grounded on.* mantener un debate = hold + discussion.* mesa de debate = panel discussion, discussion panel.* objeto del debate = at issue.* panel de debate = panel presentation, panel discussion, discussion panel, panel session.* participar en un debate = participate + discussion.* preguntas para incitar el debate = discussion question.* programa de debate = talk show.* propiciar el debate = stimulate + discussion, stimulate + debate.* provocar el debate = prompt + discussion, spark + debate, stir + debate.* provocar un debate = ignite + debate.* reavivar el debate = reignite + debate.* seguir el debate = follow + the thread.* ser objeto de debate = be at issue.* sesión de debate = discussion session.* suscitar el debate = spark + debate, spark + discussion, stir + debate.* suscitar un debate = arouse + discussion, debate + surface, raise + debate.* tema de debate = thesis, talking point, subject of debate, discussion topic.* * *masculino debate; ( más informal) discussion* * *= debate, discussion, exchange, thread, disquisition, Q&A session [question and answer session].Ex: The debate as to which is the most effective way to classify books has not been positively settled.
Ex: In a journal most formal items including articles, essays, discussions and reviews can be expected to be accompanied by an abstract.Ex: Reports of interviews of exchanges are to be entered under the participant if the report is essentially confined to the words of the person(s) interviewed.Ex: The thread linking these giants is the acknowledgement that libraries exist to serve their users.Ex: There are disadvantages to this but a disquisition on all of that would run on for many pages.Ex: The delivery of each presentation should last 15-20 minutes which should include a Q&A session.* abrir el debate = open + the debate.* abrir + Nombre + al debate = open + Nombre + to discussion.* acallar el debate = stifle + debate.* contribución a un debate = input to a debate.* contribuir a un debate = have + an input to a debate.* debate abierto = open discussion.* debate académico = academic debate.* debate acalorado = heated debate, heated discussion.* debate + centrarse sobre = debate + centre around/on/upon.* debate científico = scientific debate.* debate de grupo = group discussion.* debate + durar = debate + rage, debate + simmer.* debate en grupo = group discussion.* debate entre ponentes = panel discussion, panel debate.* debate + mantenerse = debate + rage.* debate parlamentario = parliamentary debate.* debate + perdurar = debate + rage, debate + simmer.* debate político = political discussion, political debate.* debate por tema de interés = breakout discussion.* debate presidencial = presidential debate.* debate público = public debate.* debate + seguir = debate + rage.* debate social = public discourse.* desviar el debate de... a = wrest + discussion + away from... to.* documento de debate = discussion paper.* el tema del debate = the focus of the discussion.* estar en debate = be under discussion.* estimular el debate = provoke + discussion, prompt + discussion, pepper + debate.* fomentar el debate = foster + discussion.* foro de debate = discussion list, listserv(er) [list-serv(er)], newsgroup [news group], electronic forum, open forum, e-mail list, distribution list, electronic distribution list, discussion forum.* foro de debate en línea = online forum.* generar debate = generate + debate.* grupo de debate = discussion group, focus group, discussion list, electronic forum, panel discussion, panel debate.* limitar el debate a = keep + discussion + grounded on.* mantener un debate = hold + discussion.* mesa de debate = panel discussion, discussion panel.* objeto del debate = at issue.* panel de debate = panel presentation, panel discussion, discussion panel, panel session.* participar en un debate = participate + discussion.* preguntas para incitar el debate = discussion question.* programa de debate = talk show.* propiciar el debate = stimulate + discussion, stimulate + debate.* provocar el debate = prompt + discussion, spark + debate, stir + debate.* provocar un debate = ignite + debate.* reavivar el debate = reignite + debate.* seguir el debate = follow + the thread.* ser objeto de debate = be at issue.* sesión de debate = discussion session.* suscitar el debate = spark + debate, spark + discussion, stir + debate.* suscitar un debate = arouse + discussion, debate + surface, raise + debate.* tema de debate = thesis, talking point, subject of debate, discussion topic.* * *debate; (más informal) discussiondebate parlamentario/público parliamentary/public debate* * *
Del verbo debatir: ( conjugate debatir)
debate es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
debate
debatir
debate sustantivo masculino
debate;
( más informal) discussion
debatir ( conjugate debatir) verbo transitivo
to debate;
( más informal) to discuss
debate sustantivo masculino debate
debatir verbo transitivo to debate
' debate' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
coloquio
- debatir
- discusión
- fórum
- fructífera
- fructífero
- intervenir
- moderar
- abrir
- avivar
- calentar
- cerrar
- conducir
- dirigir
- discutir
- extender
- moderador
- participación
- participante
- prolongar
- protagonizar
English:
argument
- debate
- enact
- speak
- academic
- counter
- discuss
- discussion
- dispute
- enter
- follow
- fuel
- lively
- open
- opponent
- provoke
- widen
* * *debate nmdebate;se necesita un debate abierto sobre el tema the issue needs to be discussed openly;un debate electoral televisado a televised electoral debate;el debate sobre el estado de la nación the state-of-the nation debate;un debate público a public debate;someter un tema a debate to discuss o debate a subject* * *m debate, discussion* * *debate nm: debate* * *debate n debate -
13 despreocupado
adj.unworried, care-free, carefree, free and easy.past part.past participle of spanish verb: despreocuparse.* * *1→ link=despreocuparse despreocuparse► adjetivo1 (tranquilo) unconcerned, unworried2 (negligente) negligent, careless, sloppy3 (indiferente) indifferent* * *(f. - despreocupada)adj.* * *ADJ1) (=sin preocupación) unworried, unconcerned2) [al hablar, jugar] nonchalant3) [en el vestir] casual; pey careless, sloppy4) (=imparcial) unbias(s)ed, impartial5) (Rel) (=indiferente) indifferent, apathetic; (=tolerante) broad-minded6) † [mujer] loose* * *- da adjetivoa) ( sin preocupaciones) < vida> carefreeb) ( descuidado) negligentc) ( indiferente) unworried* * *= freewheeling [free-wheeling], unconcerned, footloose, blithe, carefree, breezy [breezier -comp., breeziest -sup.], insouciant, nonplus, nonplussed [nonplused], nonchalant, airy [airier -comp., airiest -sup.].Ex. Yet it is argued that these fluctuations do not justify either precipitous journal cancellations or free-wheeling additions to the collection.Ex. Then, with an elfin smile she said: 'You see, I haven't been entirely unconcerned!'.Ex. Americans are among the most opulent and footloose people on earth.Ex. According to these librarians, prudent judgment and professional knowledge about the value of a title should never be replaced by a blithe trust in statistical data.Ex. Alcohol in moderation is effective in reducing stress and may increase overall affective expression, happiness, euphoria, conviviality, & carefree feelings.Ex. This knowing sequel to the breezy glamor of 'Ocean's Eleven' provides more thieves, more heists, more twists, more locations, and more playfulness than the original.Ex. Adopting an insouciant attitude toward empirical research -- shorn of such seemingly tough-minded concepts as objectivity and transparency -- makes her point more plausible.Ex. I remember reading an interview where Boll was nonplus about it, but then days later the site got shut down.Ex. Considering all that has happened to them, the cousins were nonplussed.Ex. Certainly the explanation was remarkably in accordance with the nonchalant character of the noble lord who gave it.Ex. Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.----* de manera despreocupada = casually.* usar de un modo despreocupado = bandy (about/around).* * *- da adjetivoa) ( sin preocupaciones) < vida> carefreeb) ( descuidado) negligentc) ( indiferente) unworried* * *= freewheeling [free-wheeling], unconcerned, footloose, blithe, carefree, breezy [breezier -comp., breeziest -sup.], insouciant, nonplus, nonplussed [nonplused], nonchalant, airy [airier -comp., airiest -sup.].Ex: Yet it is argued that these fluctuations do not justify either precipitous journal cancellations or free-wheeling additions to the collection.
Ex: Then, with an elfin smile she said: 'You see, I haven't been entirely unconcerned!'.Ex: Americans are among the most opulent and footloose people on earth.Ex: According to these librarians, prudent judgment and professional knowledge about the value of a title should never be replaced by a blithe trust in statistical data.Ex: Alcohol in moderation is effective in reducing stress and may increase overall affective expression, happiness, euphoria, conviviality, & carefree feelings.Ex: This knowing sequel to the breezy glamor of 'Ocean's Eleven' provides more thieves, more heists, more twists, more locations, and more playfulness than the original.Ex: Adopting an insouciant attitude toward empirical research -- shorn of such seemingly tough-minded concepts as objectivity and transparency -- makes her point more plausible.Ex: I remember reading an interview where Boll was nonplus about it, but then days later the site got shut down.Ex: Considering all that has happened to them, the cousins were nonplussed.Ex: Certainly the explanation was remarkably in accordance with the nonchalant character of the noble lord who gave it.Ex: Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.* de manera despreocupada = casually.* usar de un modo despreocupado = bandy (about/around).* * *despreocupado -dacarefreellevaba una vida muy despreocupada she led a very carefree existencees muy despreocupado con sus hijos he's very easygoing with his children* * *
Del verbo despreocuparse: ( conjugate despreocuparse)
despreocupado es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
despreocupado
despreocuparse
despreocupado◊ -da adjetivo
despreocuparse ( conjugate despreocuparse) verbo pronominala) See Also→
b) ( dejar de preocuparse):
despreocupado,-a adjetivo
1 (tranquilo) unconcerned
2 (negligente) careless
(estilo) casual
despreocuparse verbo reflexivo
1 (liberarse de una preocupación) to stop worrying: es difícil despreocuparse del chequeo de mañana, it's hard to not to be worried about tomorrow's checkup
2 (no prestar atención, cuidado, etc) to be unconcerned o indifferent [de, to]: se ha despreocupado completamente de preparar la boda, she has become totally indifferent to planning the wedding
' despreocupado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
dejada
- dejado
- despreocuparse
- despreocupada
- tranquila
- tranquilo
English:
airy
- breezy
- carefree
- careless
- casual
- easy-going
- happy-go-lucky
- nonchalant
- slovenly
- care
- happy
* * *despreocupado, -a adj1. [libre de preocupaciones] carefree;vive despreocupado he's very happy-go-lucky o laid-back;es demasiado despreocupado he doesn't take things seriously enough, he's too laid-back2. [negligente] unconcerned* * *adj1 ( descuidado) careless2 ( sin preocupaciones) carefree* * *despreocupado, -da adj: carefree, easygoing, unconcerned* * *despreocupado adj casual -
14 especulación
f.1 speculation, spec, theorization, conjecture.2 speculation, speculated conclusion.3 speculation, business transaction involving high risk and high possible profits.* * *1 speculation\especulación del suelo land speculation* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=suposición) speculation2) (Com, Econ) speculation* * *femenino speculation* * *= flight, speculation.Ex. Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.Ex. The number of non-bibliographical data bases which have been created is a matter for open speculation.* * *femenino speculation* * *= flight, speculation.Ex: Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.
Ex: The number of non-bibliographical data bases which have been created is a matter for open speculation.* * *la especulación del suelo land speculationespeculación bursátil speculation on the Stock Exchange2 (conjetura) speculation* * *
especulación sustantivo femenino
speculation
especulación sustantivo femenino speculation
' especulación' also found in these entries:
English:
speculation
- profiteering
* * *especulación nf1. [económica, financiera] speculation;especulación bursátil stock market speculation, speculation on the stock exchange;la especulación inmobiliaria property speculation2. [conjetura] speculation* * *f speculation* * * -
15 frívolo
adj.1 frivolous, featherbrained, light-minded, flighty.2 trivial, trifling.m.frivolous person, trifler.* * *► adjetivo1 frivolous* * *(f. - frívola)adj.* * *ADJ frivolous* * *- la adjetivo frivolous* * *= airy [airier -comp., airiest -sup.], frivolous, flighty [flightier -comp., flightiest -sup.], airheaded, airhead, dits, ditz, ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.].Nota: También escrito ditzy.Ex. Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.Ex. No distinction is drawn between the citation of a document for serious academic purposes, and the citation for frivolous reasons.Ex. 'Anyway, to make a long story short, Huish said he knows Lisa has been a little flighty at times'.Ex. She's just an airheaded bimbo, with an endless capacity to push aside unpleasant realities in favor of her more satisfying interests: young men and jewels.Ex. Some people like airheads with fake boobs.Ex. But then again, there are thousands of such ditses out there that need mental help.Ex. She might be a ditz, you can do that with the money she makes, if she wasn't so rich she'd be just another ditzy broad.Ex. She might be a ditz, you can do that with the money she makes, if she wasn't so rich she'd be just another ditzy broad.Ex. If there is a stereo type for ditsy blondes she really has gone out of her way to fit it perfectly.* * *- la adjetivo frivolous* * *= airy [airier -comp., airiest -sup.], frivolous, flighty [flightier -comp., flightiest -sup.], airheaded, airhead, dits, ditz, ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.].Nota: También escrito ditzy.Ex: Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.
Ex: No distinction is drawn between the citation of a document for serious academic purposes, and the citation for frivolous reasons.Ex: 'Anyway, to make a long story short, Huish said he knows Lisa has been a little flighty at times'.Ex: She's just an airheaded bimbo, with an endless capacity to push aside unpleasant realities in favor of her more satisfying interests: young men and jewels.Ex: Some people like airheads with fake boobs.Ex: But then again, there are thousands of such ditses out there that need mental help.Ex: She might be a ditz, you can do that with the money she makes, if she wasn't so rich she'd be just another ditzy broad.Ex: She might be a ditz, you can do that with the money she makes, if she wasn't so rich she'd be just another ditzy broad.Ex: If there is a stereo type for ditsy blondes she really has gone out of her way to fit it perfectly.* * *frívolo -la(superficial) frivolous; (ligero) light-hearted, frivolousun comentario frívolo a flippant o frivolous remark* * *
frívolo◊ -la adjetivo
frivolous
frívolo,-a adjetivo frivolous
' frívolo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
frívola
- salón
- devaneo
- superficial
- vacío
English:
flighty
- flippant
- frivolous
- idle
* * *frívolo, -a adj1. [superficial] frivolous2. [despreocupado] flippant* * *adj frivolous* * *frívolo, -la adj: frivolous♦ frívolamente adv -
16 prohibir
v.1 to forbid.prohibir a alguien hacer algo to forbid somebody to do somethingtengo prohibido el alcohol I've been told I mustn't touch alcohol2 to prohibit (por ley) (de antemano).a partir de ahora está prohibido fumar en los lugares públicos smoking in public places has now been bannedestá prohibida la venta de alcohol a menores it is illegal to sell alcoholic drinks to anyone under the age of 18 (en letrero)3 to forbid to, to forbid.Ella los desautorizó beber She forbade them to drink.* * *(stressed í in certain persons of certain tenses)Present IndicativePresent SubjunctiveImperative* * *verbto ban, forbid, prohibit* * *VT1) (=vedar) [+ venta, consumo, publicidad, prueba nuclear] to ban, prohibithan prohibido la venta ambulante — street selling has been banned o prohibited
han prohibido la circulación de camiones este fin de semana — lorries have been banned from the roads this weekend
quieren prohibir la caza de ballenas — they want to put a ban on whaling, they want to ban whaling
está totalmente prohibido hacer publicidad del tabaco — there is a total ban on tobacco advertising, tobacco advertising is completely banned o forbidden
2) (=no permitir)prohibir algo a algn: prohibieron el acceso a la prensa — the press were banned
el médico me ha prohibido los dulces — the doctor says I'm not allowed (to eat) sweet things, the doctor has banned me from eating sweet things
•
prohibir a algn hacer algo, me prohibió entrar en su casa — he banned me from his house, he forbade me to enter his housela dirección nos prohibía usar maquillaje — the management prohibited us from wearing make-up, the management forbade us to wear make-up
•
prohibir a algn que haga algo — to forbid sb to do sth•
tener algo prohibido, tengo prohibido el tabaco — I'm not allowed to smokeme tienen prohibida la entrada — I'm banned, they have banned me
me tienen prohibido hablar de política mientras comemos — I'm banned from talking politics at the dinner-table, I'm not allowed to talk politics at the dinner-table
3) [en letreros]prohibido el paso a toda persona ajena a la obra — no unauthorized entry, authorized personnel only
* * *verbo transitivoa) <acto/venta> to prohibit (frml)esta ley prohíbe las huelgas — this law bans o prohibits strikes
queda terminantemente prohibido — it is strictly forbidden o prohibited
prohibido el paso or prohibida la entrada — no entry
prohibido fijar carteles — stick no bills, bill posters o bill stickers will be prosecuted
b)se prohíbe la entrada a menores de 16 años — over 16s only, no admission to persons under 16 years of age
c)prohibirle A alguien + INF — to forbid somebody to + inf, prohibit somebody from -ing (frml)
d)prohibir A alguien QUE + SUBJ — to forbid somebody to + inf
* * *= bar, outlaw, forbid, prohibit, impose + ban, ban, restrain from, banish, proscribe.Ex. Once the library is closed, all incoming or all outgoing calls should be barred.Ex. The Taft-Hartley Act outlawed closed shops, jurisdictional strikes, sympathy strikes, and refusal to bargain.Ex. Library policy may forbid staff members from giving appraisals.Ex. There are laws which prohibit unlawful copyright infringement, but these are frequently contradictory and open to interpretation.Ex. By imposing a ban one is only likely to set up antagonism and frustration which will turn against the very thing we are trying to encourage.Ex. In the Soviet Union the introduction of glasnost has allowed the publication of some books previously banned, but has had little effect on libraries.Ex. 'We also need to know the kinds of questions we are legally restrained from asking'.Ex. Many types and colours of shelving are now available, and forbidding dark wooden bookcases have been banished from most libraries.Ex. Under proposed legislation librarians and distributors who disseminate materials proscribed under these laws would be criminally liable.----* prohibir la entrada en = ban from.* * *verbo transitivoa) <acto/venta> to prohibit (frml)esta ley prohíbe las huelgas — this law bans o prohibits strikes
queda terminantemente prohibido — it is strictly forbidden o prohibited
prohibido el paso or prohibida la entrada — no entry
prohibido fijar carteles — stick no bills, bill posters o bill stickers will be prosecuted
b)se prohíbe la entrada a menores de 16 años — over 16s only, no admission to persons under 16 years of age
c)prohibirle A alguien + INF — to forbid somebody to + inf, prohibit somebody from -ing (frml)
d)prohibir A alguien QUE + SUBJ — to forbid somebody to + inf
* * *= bar, outlaw, forbid, prohibit, impose + ban, ban, restrain from, banish, proscribe.Ex: Once the library is closed, all incoming or all outgoing calls should be barred.
Ex: The Taft-Hartley Act outlawed closed shops, jurisdictional strikes, sympathy strikes, and refusal to bargain.Ex: Library policy may forbid staff members from giving appraisals.Ex: There are laws which prohibit unlawful copyright infringement, but these are frequently contradictory and open to interpretation.Ex: By imposing a ban one is only likely to set up antagonism and frustration which will turn against the very thing we are trying to encourage.Ex: In the Soviet Union the introduction of glasnost has allowed the publication of some books previously banned, but has had little effect on libraries.Ex: 'We also need to know the kinds of questions we are legally restrained from asking'.Ex: Many types and colours of shelving are now available, and forbidding dark wooden bookcases have been banished from most libraries.Ex: Under proposed legislation librarians and distributors who disseminate materials proscribed under these laws would be criminally liable.* prohibir la entrada en = ban from.* * *vt1 ‹acto/venta› to prohibit ( frml)esta ley prohíbe la huelga en los servicios públicos this law bans o prohibits strikes in public servicesqueda terminantemente prohibido it is strictly forbidden o prohibitedse prohibió la venta de hortalizas procedentes de la zona the sale of vegetables from the area was banned o prohibitedse prohíbe el uso de diccionarios you are not allowed to use dictionaries, the use of dictionaries is forbidden ( frml)iba en dirección prohibida I was going the wrong way up a one-way street[ S ] prohibido el paso or prohibida la entrada no entry[ S ] prohibido fijar carteles stick no bills, bill posters o bill stickers will be prosecuted[ S ] prohibido fumar no smokingestá prohibido fumar aquí you/she/he can't smoke here o this is a no-smoking area2 prohibirle algo A algn to ban sb FROM sthme había prohibido la entrada al edificio he had banned me from the building o from entering the buildingel médico me ha prohibido la sal the doctor has told me I mustn't have salt[ S ] se prohíbe la entrada a menores de 16 años over 16s only, no admission to persons under 16 years of agetengo prohibido el alcohol I've been told I mustn't drink alcohol3 prohibirle A algn + INF to forbid sb to + INF, prohibit sb FROM -ING ( frml)me prohibió tocar la máquina he forbade me to touch the machine, he told me not to touch the machineprohíben a las mujeres participar en estos actos women are prohibited o banned from participating in these ceremonies, women are not allowed to participate in these ceremoniesle tenemos prohibido salir he's not allowed out, we've grounded him ( colloq)4 prohibir A algn QUE + SUBJ to forbid sb to + INFte prohíbo que le hables así a tu madre I forbid you to speak to your mother like that* * *
prohibir ( conjugate prohibir) verbo transitivo
( on signs) prohibido el paso or prohibida la entrada no entry;
( on signs) prohibido fumar no smoking;
( on signs) se prohíbe la entrada a menores de 16 años over 16s only, no admission to persons under 16 years of ageb) prohibirle algo A algn to ban sb from sth;
prohibirle A algn hacer algo to forbid sb to do sth, prohibit sb from doing sth (frml);
prohibir A algn QUE haga algo to forbid sb to do sth
prohibir verbo transitivo
1 to forbid, prohibit: le han prohibi-do el alcohol, he's been told not to drink alcohol
2 (legalmente) to ban: comprar tabaco está prohibido para menores de 16 años, it is forbidden for persons under sixteen years of age to purchase tobacco
' prohibir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
vedar
English:
ban
- bar
- embargo
- forbid
- nix
- outlaw
- prohibit
- stop
- banish
* * *prohibir vt1. [impedir, proscribir] to forbid;prohibir a alguien hacer algo to forbid sb to do sth;te prohíbo que vayas a la fiesta I forbid you to go to the party;el médico me ha prohibido fumar the doctor has told me to stop smoking;tengo prohibido el alcohol I've been told I mustn't touch alcohol;se prohíbe el paso [en letrero] no entry2. [por ley] [de antemano] to prohibit;[a posteriori] to ban;a partir de ahora se prohíbe fumar en los lugares públicos smoking in public places has now been banned;se prohíbe la entrada a menores de 18 años [en letrero] over 18s only* * *v/t forbid; oficialmente ban;prohibir a alguien hacer algo forbid s.o. to do sth;prohibido fumar no smoking* * *prohibir {62} vt: to prohibit, to ban, to forbid* * *prohibir vb -
17 sortir
sortir [sɔʀtiʀ]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━➭ TABLE 16━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. <a. to go or come out━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► sortir dans le sens de partir se traduit par to go out ou par to come out, suivant que le locuteur se trouve ou non à l'endroit en question.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• on est en train de faire un bonhomme de neige, tu devrais sortir ! we're making a snowman, come out!• mon père est sorti, puis-je prendre un message ? my father is out, can I take a message?• sortir de chez qn to go or come out of sb's house• sors (d'ici) ! get out (of here)!• je sors à 6 heures (du bureau, du lycée) I finish at 6• sortir de son lit [fleuve] to overflow its banks► d'où sort ?• d'où sort cette revue ? where has this magazine come from?• mais d'où sort-il ? (inf) ( = il est tout sale) where has he been! ; ( = il est mal élevé) where was he brought up? ; ( = il est bête) where did they find him?• Madame, est-ce que je peux sortir ? (en classe) Miss, can I be excused please?• la voiture est sortie de la route the car left or came off the road• c'est confidentiel, ça ne doit pas sortir d'ici it's confidential, it must not leave this roomd. (Theatre) « la servante sort » "exit the maid"• « les 3 gardes sortent » "exeunt the 3 guards"• sortir de terre [plante] to come upi. ( = être fabriqué, publié) to come out ; [disque, film] to be releasedj. (par hasard) [numéro, couleur, sujet d'examen] to come upk. ( = s'écarter) sortir du sujet to get off the subject• sortir (du jeu) [balle, ballon] to go out (of play)• sortir en touche [ballon] to go into touchl. ( = être issu) il sort de l'université de Perpignan he went to the University of Perpignan• pas besoin de sortir de Polytechnique pour comprendre ça (inf) you don't need a PhD to understand thatm. ( = résulter) sortir de to come of• que va-t-il sortir de tout cela ? what will come of all this?• il fallait que ça sorte I (or he etc) just had to say it2. <• sortez-le ! get him out of here!• sortir des vêtements d'une armoire/la voiture du garage to take clothes out of a wardrobe/the car out of the garage• il faut le sortir de là (d'un lieu) we must get him out of there ; (d'une situation difficile) we must get him out of itb. ( = mettre en vente) [+ produit] to bring out• il vous sort de ces réflexions ! the things he comes out with! (inf)• qu'est-ce qu'il va encore nous sortir ? what will he come out with next? (inf)d. ( = éliminer) [+ concurrent, adversaire] (inf) to knock out3. <• tu crois qu'il va s'en sortir ? (il est malade) do you think he'll pull through? ; (il est surchargé de travail) do you think he'll ever see the end of it? ; (il est en situation difficile) do you think he'll come through all right?• avec son salaire, il ne peut pas s'en sortir he can't get by on what he earns• va l'aider, il ne s'en sort pas go and help him, he can't cope• bravo, tu t'en es très bien sorti ! you've done really well!* * *
I
1. sɔʀtiʀ1) ( promener) to take [somebody/something] out [personne, chien, cheval]j'y vais moi-même, ça me sortira — I'll go myself, it'll give me a chance to get out
2) (colloq) ( inviter) to take [somebody] out [personne]3) (colloq) ( expulser) to throw [somebody] out, to chuck (colloq) [somebody] out [personne] (de of); to send [somebody] out [élève]4) ( mettre à l'extérieur) to get [somebody/something] out (de of)5) ( délivrer)sortir quelqu'un de sa léthargie — to shake somebody out of his/her lethargy
6) ( commercialiser) to bring out [livre, disque, modèle]; to release [film]; to show [collection]7) ( produire) to turn out [livre, disque, film, produit]8) ( imprimer) to bring [something] out [exemplaire, numéro, journal]9) (colloq) ( dire) to come out with (colloq) [remarques]
2.
verbe intransitif (+ v être)1) ( aller dehors) [personne, animal] to go out; ( venir dehors) [personne, animal] to come out (de of)sortir dans la rue/sur le balcon — to go out into the street/on the balcony
sortir faire un tour — ( à pied) to go out for a walk
sortir discrètement — to slip out (de of)
empêcher de sortir — to keep [somebody/something] in
2) ( passer du temps dehors) to go out3) ( quitter un lieu)sortir du port — [navire] to leave port
sortir du pays — [personne, marchandise] to leave the country
sortez d'ici/de là! — get out of here/of there!
sortir de la route — [véhicule] to leave the road
sortir de la famille — [bijou, tableau] to go out of the family
4) ( venir d'un lieu)5) (quitter un état, une situation)sortir de son mutisme or silence — to break one's silence
6) ( venir de quitter un état)7) ( émerger) to come outelle est sortie de sa dépression très affaiblie — after her depression she was a mere shadow of her former self
8) ( s'échapper) [eau, air, étincelle, fumée] to come out (de of; par through)faire sortir — to squeeze [something] out [pâte, colle, eau, jus] (de of); to eject [cassette] (de from)
sortir en masse — [personnes] to pour out
9) ( pousser) [bourgeon, insecte] to come out; [dent] to come throughsortir de terre — [plante] to come through; [bâtiment] to rise from the ground
10) ( dépasser) to stick out11) ( être commercialisé) [film, disque, livre, nouveau modèle] to come outsortir tous les jours — [journal] to be published daily
12) ( provenir) [personne, produit] to come fromsortir de Berkeley — Université to have graduated from Berkeley
d'où sors-tu à cette heure? — (colloq) where have you been?
d'où il sort celui-là? — (colloq) where's he been living? (colloq)
13) ( être en dehors)sortir du sujet — [personne] to wander off the subject; [remarque] to be beside the point
14) ( être tiré) [numéro, sujet] to come up15) Informatique to exit
3.
se sortir verbe pronominal1) ( échapper)s'en sortir — ( situation difficile) to get out of it; ( maladie) to get over it
2) ( se débrouiller)s'en sortir — gén to pull through; ( financièrement) to cope; (intellectuellement, manuellement, physiquement) to manage
s'en sortir à peine — ( financièrement) to scrape a living
II sɔʀtiʀnom masculin* * *sɔʀtiʀ1. vi1) (= partir) to go outIl est sorti sans rien dire. — He went out without saying a word.
Il est sorti acheter le journal. — He's gone out to buy the newspaper.
2) (= aller au spectacle) to go outJ'aime sortir. — I like going out.
sortir avec qn (relation amoureuse) — to be going out with sb, to be seeing sb
Tu sors avec lui? — Are you going out with him?, Are you seeing him?
3) [produit] to come outCe modèle vient juste de sortir. — This model has just come out.
4) [plante, numéro] to come up5)sortir de (= quitter) — to leave, (en allant) to go out of, (en venant) to come out of, (= jaillir) to come out of, [maladie, mauvaise passe] to get over, [cadre, compétence] to be outside
Elle sort de l'hôpital demain. — She's coming out of hospital tomorrow.
Je l'ai rencontré en sortant de la pharmacie. — I met him coming out of the chemist's.
sortir du système INFORMATIQUE — to log out
2. vt1) (= déplacer) to take outElle a sorti son porte-monnaie de son sac. — She took her purse out of her bag.
Je vais sortir la voiture du garage. — I'll get the car out of the garage.
2) * (= expulser) to throw out3) COMMERCE, [produit] to bring out4) * (= dire) to come out with3. nm* * *sortir verb table: partirA nm au sortir de at the end of; au sortir de l'adolescence/mes études at the end of adolescence/my studies.B vtr1 ( promener) to take [sb/sth] out [personne, chien, cheval]; sortir un malade/son caniche to take a patient/one's poodle out; j'y vais moi-même, ça me sortira I'll go myself, it'll give me a chance to get outside;3 ○( expulser) to throw [sb] out, to chuck○ [sb] out [personne] (de of); to send [sb] out [élève]; se faire sortir en quart de finale to be knocked out in the quarterfinal;4 ( mettre à l'extérieur) to get [sb/sth] out [personne, papiers, parapluie, meubles de jardin, voiture, vêtements] (de of); sortir l'argenterie to get out the silverware; sortir qn du lit to get sb out of bed; sortir une bille de sa poche to take a marble out of one's pocket; sortir sa voiture en marche arrière to reverse one's car out; sortir les mains de ses poches to take one's hands out of one's pockets; sortir un couteau/revolver to pull out a knife/revolver; sortir le drapeau to hang out the flag; sortir les draps pour les aérer to put out the sheets to air; sortir du pus to squeeze out pus; sortir un point noir to squeeze a blackhead; sortir la poubelle/les ordures to put the bin/the rubbish GB ou garbage US out; sortir sa tête/langue to poke one's head/tongue out; sortir une carte to bring out a card;5 ( délivrer) sortir qn de to get sb out of; sortir un ami de prison to get a friend out of jail; sortir un ami de sa dépression to pull a friend out of his depression; sortir une entreprise de ses difficultés to get a company out of difficulties; sortir qn de sa léthargie to shake sb out of his/her lethargy;6 ( commercialiser) to bring out [livre, disque, modèle, nouveau produit, nouveau journal]; to release [film]; to present [collection];7 ( produire) to turn out [livre, disque, film, produit]; sortir mille téléviseurs par jour to turn out one thousand televisions a day;8 Imprim to bring [sth] out [exemplaire, numéro, journal];9 Ordinat [ordinateur] to output [données, résultats];10 ( exporter) ( légalement) to export [marchandises] (de from); ( illégalement) to smuggle [sth] out [marchandises] (de of);11 ○( dire) to come out with○ [paroles]; sortir des énormités/insultes/âneries to come out with rubbish/insults/nonsense; il (nous) sort toujours des excuses he's always coming out ou up with excuses; sortir une blague to crack a joke.C vi (+ v être)1 ( aller dehors) [personne, animal] to go out; ( venir dehors) [personne, animal] to come out (de of); sortir par la fenêtre/la porte de derrière to go out through the window/the back door; sortir dans la rue/sur le balcon to go out in the streets/on the balcony; sortir faire un tour ( à pied) to go out for a walk; (à vélo, cheval) to go out for a ride; ( en voiture) to go out for a drive; sortir faire des courses to go out shopping; sortir déjeuner to go out for lunch; être sorti to be out; sortez les mains en l'air! come out with your hands up!; sortez et ne revenez pas! get out and don't come back!; sortir discrètement to slip out (de of); sortir en vitesse to rush out; sortir en courant to run out; sortir en trombe de sa chambre to burst out of one's room; faire sortir qn to get sb outside; faire sortir son chien to take one's dog out; laisser sortir qn to allow sb out; laisser sortir les élèves ( à la fin de la classe) to dismiss the class; empêcher de sortir to keep [sb/sth] in [personne, animal]; sortir dans l'espace to space walk; sortir de scène to leave the stage; Figaro sort exit Figaro; Figaro et Almaviva sortent exeunt Figaro and Almaviva; ⇒ devant, œil;2 ( passer du temps dehors) to go out; sortir tous les soirs/avec des amis to go out every night/with friends; sortir au restaurant to go out to a restaurant; sortir avec qn to go out with sb; inviter qn à sortir to ask sb out; sortir en ville to go out on the town;3 ( quitter un lieu) sortir de to leave; sortir de chez qn to leave sb's house; sortir d'une réunion to leave a meeting; sortir du port [navire] to leave port; sortir du pays [personne, marchandise] to leave the country; sortir de chez soi to go out; sortir de la pièce to walk out of the room; sortez d'ici/de là! get out of here/of there!; sortir de son lit/son bain [personne] to get out of bed/the bath; sortir de la route [véhicule] to leave the road; sortir de la famille [bijou, tableau] to go out of the family; sortir tout chaud du four to be hot from the oven; ⇒ loup;4 ( venir d'un lieu) sortir de to come out of; sortir de chez le médecin to come out of the doctor's; sortir de sa chambre en chemise de nuit to come out of one's room in one's nightgown;5 (quitter un état, une situation) sortir d'un profond sommeil/d'un rêve to wake up from a deep sleep/from a dream; sortir de son mutisme or silence to break one's silence; sortir de l'adolescence to come out of adolescence; sortir de la récession to pull out of the recession; sortir d'un cercle vicieux to break out of a vicious circle; sortir de soi to lose control of oneself; sortir de l'hiver to reach the end of winter; on n'en sort jamais○ there's no end to it; on n'en sortira jamais! ( problème) we'll never see the end of it!; ( embouteillage) we'll never get out of it!; il refuse d'en sortir○ ( changer d'avis) he won't budge an inch○; il n'y a pas à sortir de là○ there's no two ways about it○;6 ( venir de quitter un état) sortir à peine de l'enfance to be just emerging from childhood; sortir de maladie/d'une dépression to be recovering from an illness/from a bout of depression; sortir d'une crise/guerre to emerge from a crisis/war;7 ( émerger) to come out; sortir différent/désenchanté/déçu to come out different/disenchanted/disappointed; elle est sortie de sa dépression très affaiblie after her depression she was a mere shadow of her former self;8 ( s'échapper) [eau, air, étincelle, fumée] to come out (de of; par through); le bouchon ne sort pas the cork won't come out; l'eau sort du robinet the water comes out of the tap GB ou faucet US; une odeur sort de la pièce there's a smell coming from the room; faire sortir to squeeze [sth] out [pâte, colle, eau, jus] (de of); to eject [cassette] (de from); sortir en masse [personnes] to pour out; ⇒ vérité;9 ( pousser) [plante, insecte] to come out; [dent] to come through; les bourgeons sortent the buds are coming out; sortir de terre [plante] to spring up; [bâtiment] to rise from the ground; il lui est sorti une dent he/she's cut a tooth;10 ( dépasser) to stick out; il y a un clou qui sort there's a nail sticking out; sortir de l'eau à marée basse [roche] to stick out of the water at low tide;11 ( être commercialisé) [film, disque, livre, nouveau modèle, nouveau produit, collection] to come out; Le Monde sort l'après-midi Le Monde goes on sale in the afternoon; sortir tous les jours/toutes les semaines/tous les mois [journal, périodique] to be published daily/weekly/monthly; sortir de la chaîne [produit industriel] to come off the production line; sortir des presses [journal, livre] to come off the press; ça sort tout juste des presses it's hot off the press;12 ( provenir) [personne, produit] to come from; sortir d'un milieu intellectuel/d'une famille de banquiers to come from an intellectual background/from a family of bankers; sortir de Berkeley Univ to have graduated from Berkeley; sortir de chez Hachette to have been with Hachette previously; d'où sors-tu à cette heure○? where have you been?; d'où sors-tu comme ça○? what have you been doing to look like that?; d'où sort-il celui-là○? what planet's he from○?;13 ( être en dehors) sortir du sujet [personne] to wander off the subject; [remarque] to be beside the point; cela sort de ma compétence/de mes fonctions that's not in my brief/within my authority;14 ( être tiré) [numéro, sujet] to come up; c'est le 17 qui est sorti it was (number) 17 that came up;15 Ordinat to exit.D se sortir vpr1 ( échapper) se sortir d'une situation difficile to get out of a predicament; se sortir de la pauvreté to escape from poverty; se sortir d'une dépression to come out of a bout of depression; se sortir d'une épreuve to come through an ordeal; s'en sortir ( situation difficile) to get out of it; ( maladie) to get over it; s'en sortir vivant to escape with one's life;2 ( se débrouiller) s'en sortir gén to pull through; ( financièrement) to cope; (intellectuellement, manuellement, physiquement) to manage; tu t'en sors? can you manage?; s'en sortir tant bien que mal to struggle through; s'en sortir à peine ( financièrement) to scrape a living.sortir par les trous de nez○ to get up one's nose○.I[sɔrtir] nom masculin(littéraire) [fin]dès le sortir de l'enfance, il dut apprendre à se défendre he was barely out of his childhood when he had to learn to fend for himself————————au sortir de locution prépositionnelle1. [dans le temps]2. [dans l'espace]je vis la cabane au sortir du bois as I was coming out of the woods, I saw the hutII[sɔrtir] verbe intransitif (aux être)1. [quitter un lieu - vu de l'intérieur] to go out ; [ - vu de l'extérieur] to come outsortir par la fenêtre to get out ou to leave by the windowMadame, je peux sortir? please Miss, may I leave the room?elle est sortie déjeuner/se promener she's gone (out) for lunch/for a walksi elle se présente, dites-lui que je suis sorti if she calls, tell her I'm out ou I've gone out ou I'm not inje l'ai vu qui sortait de l'hôpital/l'école vers 16 h I saw him coming out of the hospital/school at about 4 pm2. [marquant la fin d'une activité, d'une période]sortir de l'école/du bureau [finir sa journée] to finish school/worksortir de prison to come out of ou to be released from prison3. [pour se distraire]5. [se répandre] to come outc'est pour que la fumée sorte it's to let the smoke out ou for the smoke to escape6. [s'échapper] to get outsortir de: aucun dossier ne doit sortir de l'ambassade no file may be taken out of ou leave the embassyfaire sortir quelqu'un/des marchandises d'un pays to smuggle somebody/goods out of a countryje vais te confier quelque chose, mais cela ne doit pas sortir d'ici I'm going to tell you something, but it mustn't go any further than these four walls7. [être mis en vente - disque, film] to be released, to come out ; [ - livre] to be published, to come outça vient de sortir! it's just (come) out!, it's (brand) new!8. [être révélé au public - sujet d'examen] to come up ; [ - numéro de loterie] to be drawn ; [ - numéro à la roulette] to turn ou to come up ; [ - tarif, barème] to be out9. (familier) [être dit] to come outil fallait que ça sorte! it had to come out ou to be said!10. INFORMATIQUE11. NAUTIQUE & AÉRONAUTIQUEaujourd'hui, les avions/bateaux ne sont pas sortis the planes were grounded/the boats stayed in port todayle ballon est sorti en corner/touche the ball went out for a corner/went into toucha. [pour faute] the player was sent offb. [il est blessé] the player had to go off because of injury13. THÉÂTRE————————[sɔrtir] verbe transitif (aux avoir)1. [mener dehors - pour se promener, se divertir] to take out (separable)viens avec nous au concert, ça te sortira come with us to the concert, that'll get you out (of the house)2. [mettre dehors - vu de l'intérieur] to put out ou outside ; [ - vu de l'extérieur] to bring out ou outside (separable)3. [présenter - crayon, outil] to take out (separable) ; [ - pistolet] to pull out ; [ - papiers d'identité] to produce4. [extraire]sortir quelque chose de to take ou to get something out ofdes mesures ont été prises pour sortir le pays de la crise measures have been taken in order to get the country out of ou to rescue the country from the present crisissortir quelqu'un de to get ou to pull somebody out ofje vais te sortir d'affaire ou d'embarras ou de là I'll get you out of itelle a sorti la Suédoise en trois sets she disposed of ou beat the Swedish player in three setssortir un disque/filma. [auteur] to bring out a record/filmb. [distributeur] to release a record/filmsortir un livre to bring out ou to publish a bookil m'a sorti que j'étais trop vieille! he told me I was too old, just like that!8. [roue, train d'atterrissage] to drop[volet] to raise————————sortir de verbe plus préposition1. [emplacement, position] to come out of, to come offsortir des rails to go off ou to jump the railsa. [voiture] to come off ou to leave the trackb. [skieur] to come off the pisteça m'était complètement sorti de la tête ou de l'esprit it had gone right out of my head ou mindl'incident est sorti de ma mémoire ou m'est sorti de la mémoire I've forgotten the incident2. [venir récemment de] to have (just) come from3. [venir à bout de] to come out ofnous avons eu une période difficile mais heureusement nous en sortons we've had a difficult time but fortunately we're now emerging from it ou we're seeing the end of it now4. [se tirer de, se dégager de]lorsqu'on sort de l'adolescence pour entrer dans l'âge adulte when one leaves adolescence (behind) to become an adult5. [se départir de]il est sorti de sa réserve après quelques verres de vin he opened ou loosened up after a few glasses of wineelle est sortie de son silence pour écrire son second roman she broke her silence to write her second novel6. [s'écarter de]attention à ne pas sortir du sujet! be careful not to get off ou to stray from the subject!il ne veut pas sortir ou il ne sort pas de là he won't budgeil n'y a pas à sortir de là [c'est inévitable] there's no way round it, there's no getting away from it7. [être issu de]sortir d'une bonne famille to come from ou to be of a good familypour ceux qui sortent des grandes écoles for those who have studied at ou are the products of the grandes écolesa. [tu es mal élevé] where did you learn such manners?, where were you brought up?b. [tu ne connais rien] where have you been all this time?8. [être produit par] to come from9. (tournure impersonnelle) [résulter de]————————se sortir de verbe pronominal plus prépositionse sortir d'une situation embarrassante to get (oneself) out of ou (soutenu) to extricate oneself from an embarrassing situations'en sortir (familier) : aide-moi à finir, je ne m'en sortirai jamais seul! give me a hand, I'll never get this finished on my owndonne-lui une fourchette, il ne s'en sort pas avec des baguettes give him a fork, he can't manage with chopsticksa. [il a survécu] he pulled through in the endb. [il a réussi] he won through in the endon ne s'en sort pas avec une seule paie it's impossible to manage on ou to get by on a single wagemalgré les allocations, on ne s'en sort pas in spite of the benefit, we're not making ends meet -
18 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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1) General subject: Sustainable, bottomed, cogent, feasible, just, (прил.) material, reasoned, sound, tenable, valid, vested, well founded, well grounded, well thought out, well warranted, well-founded, well-thought-out (о плане), well-warranted, based standpoint (запрос), reasonable, value added, deliberative, robust2) Mathematics: found, proved, supported, which has been proved3) Law: founded, good in law, justified, relevant, sufficient, warranted, (жалоба, заявление) well-pleaded (complaint, petition)4) Banking: good5) Business: legitimate, motivated, well-grounded6) Sakhalin energy glossary: adequately supported (...invoice)7) Robots: sound (напр о выводе)8) Makarov: educated, solid, substantiated9) Phraseological unit: borne out (Substantiated.)10) Idiomatic expression: in the right ball-park -
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ИМЕТЬ ПОД СОБОЙ ПОЧВУ (какую) lit VP subj abstr (подозрение, опасение, заключение etc) usu. neg) (of a suspicion, apprehension, conclusion etc) to have a rational basis. X имеет под собой почву — X is grounded in fact X is well-founded (well-grounded) X has a firm (solid) basisNeg X не имеет под собой почвы — X is groundless (ungrounded, unfounded, without foundation)there is no basis for X.Наконец... выяснилось, что девушка, подавшая повод к сложным Лариным чувствованиям, - сестра Коки, и Ларины соображения не имели под собой никакой почвы (Пастернак 1). Finally Lara learned that the girl who had aroused such complicated feelings in her was the young mans sister and that her suspicions had been groundless (1a)....Я думаю, что утверждение некоторых очевидцев, что скот села Анхара, проявляя массовое ясновиденье, предсказывал бой, не имеет под собой серьезной научной почвы (Искандер 3)...I do not think there is any serious scientific basis for the claim of some eyewitnesses that the livestock of the village of Ankhara displayed mass clairvoyance and foretold the battle (3a).
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